{
 "slug": "van-gogh-letters-1888-1889",
 "places": {
  "arles": {
   "name": "Arles",
   "wikidata": "Q48292",
   "lat": 43.676944444444,
   "lon": 4.6286111111111
  },
  "saint_remy": {
   "name": "Saint-Rémy-de-Provence",
   "wikidata": "Q221507",
   "lat": 43.789444444444,
   "lon": 4.8316666666667
  },
  "asylum": {
   "name": "Saint-Paul-de-Mausole",
   "wikidata": "Q334199",
   "lat": 43.776668,
   "lon": 4.835159
  }
 },
 "stations": {
  "arles": {
   "name": "Arles, Tour de la Roquette",
   "id": "13004014",
   "lat": 43.673333,
   "lon": 4.625,
   "km_to_arles": 0.5,
   "km_to_asylum": 20.4
  },
  "beaucaire": {
   "name": "Beaucaire",
   "id": "30032002",
   "lat": 43.81,
   "lon": 4.641667,
   "km_to_arles": 14.8,
   "km_to_asylum": 16.0
  },
  "aramon": {
   "name": "Aramon",
   "id": "30012001",
   "lat": 43.89,
   "lon": 4.681667,
   "km_to_arles": 24.1,
   "km_to_asylum": 17.6
  },
  "marseille": {
   "name": "Marseille Observatoire",
   "id": "13055001",
   "lat": 43.305667,
   "lon": 5.394333,
   "km_to_arles": 74.3,
   "km_to_asylum": 69.1
  }
 },
 "mistral_rule": "A Marseille day counts as mistral-type when at least three of its six printed readings blow from N, NNW, NW or WNW at printed force 3 or more. This is a Nephos reading rule, not an official definition; the force scale is not printed on the page.",
 "letters": {
  "653": {
   "date": "Arles, Tuesday, 31 July 1888",
   "date_basis": "Fixed by the edition: Marcelle Roulin was born that day.",
   "quotes": [
    {
     "letter": 653,
     "text": "Rain now and then in a morning or afternoon, but infinitely less than at home."
    },
    {
     "letter": 653,
     "text": "the people here are complaining a great deal that it’s not the same as usual."
    },
    {
     "letter": 653,
     "text": "It’s very windy, though, and a very nasty, nagging wind, the mistral, usually troublesome enough when I have to paint in it"
    },
    {
     "letter": 653,
     "text": "I lay my canvas flat on the ground and work on my knees. Because the easel doesn’t stand firm."
    }
   ],
   "july": [
    {
     "date": "1888-07-01",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 12.9,
     "tx": 23.7
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-02",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 13.1,
     "tx": 24.9
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-03",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 14.3,
     "tx": 27.9
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-04",
     "rain_mm": 0.3,
     "tn": 16.1,
     "tx": 27.4
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-05",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 16.8,
     "tx": 27.4
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-06",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 15.6,
     "tx": 26.9
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-07",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 15.8,
     "tx": 22.4
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-08",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 13.3,
     "tx": 25.8
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-09",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 14.6,
     "tx": 24.4
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-10",
     "rain_mm": 0.8,
     "tn": 15.7,
     "tx": 24.4
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-11",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 13.2,
     "tx": 23.4
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-12",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 11.6,
     "tx": 22.8
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-13",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 10.7,
     "tx": 22.4
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-14",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 9.8,
     "tx": 26.4
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-15",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 13.8,
     "tx": 22.9
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-16",
     "rain_mm": 41.0,
     "tn": 13.8,
     "tx": 23.0
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-17",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 13.5,
     "tx": 22.8
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-18",
     "rain_mm": 0.5,
     "tn": 13.7,
     "tx": 22.0
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-19",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 13.5,
     "tx": 22.9
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-20",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 14.3,
     "tx": 24.7
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-21",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 15.3,
     "tx": 26.7
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-22",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 15.1,
     "tx": 28.1
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-23",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 14.9,
     "tx": 24.5
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-24",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 16.4,
     "tx": 28.5
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-25",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 18.5,
     "tx": 24.4
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-26",
     "rain_mm": 1.5,
     "tn": 18.1,
     "tx": 28.1
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-27",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 15.7,
     "tx": 28.4
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-28",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 14.8,
     "tx": 24.8
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-29",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 14.4,
     "tx": 26.2
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-30",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 14.8,
     "tx": 26.0
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-31",
     "rain_mm": 7.3,
     "tn": 16.9,
     "tx": 21.9
    }
   ],
   "july_rain_days": [
    "1888-07-04",
    "1888-07-10",
    "1888-07-16",
    "1888-07-18",
    "1888-07-26",
    "1888-07-31"
   ],
   "july_rain_days_1mm": [
    "1888-07-16",
    "1888-07-26",
    "1888-07-31"
   ],
   "summers": [
    {
     "year": 1882,
     "rain_mm": 26.5,
     "mean_high": 30.17,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1883,
     "rain_mm": 73.5,
     "mean_high": 25.77,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1884,
     "rain_mm": 46.3,
     "mean_high": 26.56,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1885,
     "rain_mm": 182.7,
     "mean_high": 28.01,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1886,
     "rain_mm": 36.3,
     "mean_high": 28.25,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1887,
     "rain_mm": 101.4,
     "mean_high": 28.77,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1888,
     "rain_mm": 225.1,
     "mean_high": 25.11,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1889,
     "rain_mm": 43.7,
     "mean_high": 27.57,
     "highs_n": 60
    },
    {
     "year": 1890,
     "rain_mm": 17.0,
     "mean_high": 26.81,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1891,
     "rain_mm": 119.3,
     "mean_high": 26.45,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1892,
     "rain_mm": 95.6,
     "mean_high": 27.96,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1893,
     "rain_mm": 79.4,
     "mean_high": 28.15,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1894,
     "rain_mm": 13.4,
     "mean_high": 27.84,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1895,
     "rain_mm": 121.6,
     "mean_high": 26.71,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1896,
     "rain_mm": 64.7,
     "mean_high": 28.03,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1897,
     "rain_mm": 10.4,
     "mean_high": 29.98,
     "highs_n": 61
    },
    {
     "year": 1898,
     "rain_mm": 17.5,
     "mean_high": 27.79,
     "highs_n": 61
    }
   ],
   "summer_1888": {
    "year": 1888,
    "rain_mm": 225.1,
    "mean_high": 25.11,
    "highs_n": 61,
    "rank_wettest": 1,
    "rank_coolest": 1,
    "of": 17,
    "median_rain_mm": 64.7
   },
   "marseille_july": [
    {
     "date": "1888-07-01",
     "readings": [
      "WNW 4",
      "WNW 3",
      "NW 4",
      "WNW 4",
      "WNW 4",
      "NW 3"
     ],
     "mistral_type": true
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-02",
     "readings": [
      "NW 3",
      "NNW 3",
      "NW 3",
      "NW 3",
      "NW 1",
      "WNW 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": true
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-03",
     "readings": [
      "WNW 1",
      "NNW 1",
      "WSW 2",
      "SW 1",
      "NNW 1",
      "Calme 0"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-04",
     "readings": [
      "NE 1",
      "N 1",
      "SSE 2",
      "SW 1",
      "SW 1",
      "NE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-05",
     "readings": [
      "E 1",
      "NW 1",
      "W 3",
      "W 2",
      "NW 1",
      "NE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-06",
     "readings": [
      "E 1",
      "NW 1",
      "SSE 1",
      "SE 1",
      "Calme 0",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-07",
     "readings": [
      "E 1",
      "E 1",
      "E 2",
      "SSW 2",
      "NE 1",
      "Calme 0"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-08",
     "readings": [
      "WNW 1",
      "NW 2",
      "SW 4",
      "NW 2",
      "W 1",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-09",
     "readings": [
      "NW 3",
      "WNW 3",
      "NW 3",
      "NW 4",
      "NW 2",
      "NW 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": true
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-10",
     "readings": [
      "WNW 3",
      "NW 3",
      "NW 4",
      "WNW 3",
      "WNW 3",
      "NW 2"
     ],
     "mistral_type": true
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-11",
     "readings": [
      "WNW 1",
      "WNW 2",
      "WSW 4",
      "W 2",
      "NW 4",
      "NW 3"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-12",
     "readings": [
      "NW 3",
      "NW 3",
      "NW 4",
      "NW 2",
      "NNW 1",
      "NW 2"
     ],
     "mistral_type": true
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-13",
     "readings": [
      "WNW 3",
      "NW 5",
      "NW 5",
      "NW 4",
      "NW 2",
      "NW 2"
     ],
     "mistral_type": true
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-14",
     "readings": [
      "NE 1",
      "W 1",
      "WSW 1",
      "WSW 1",
      "W 1",
      "E 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-15",
     "readings": [
      "E 2",
      "WNW 1",
      "S 2",
      "S 3",
      "SE 1",
      "SE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-16",
     "readings": [
      "E 1",
      "ESE 4",
      "SE 3",
      "W 1",
      "Calme 0",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-17",
     "readings": [
      "E 1",
      "SSW 1",
      "WNW 1",
      "W 2",
      "WSW 1",
      "WSW 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-18",
     "readings": [
      "W 1",
      "W 2",
      "W 3",
      "SW 2",
      "WSW 2",
      "WNW 2"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-19",
     "readings": [
      "WNW 3",
      "WNW 3",
      "WSW 3",
      "WSW 3",
      "NW 3",
      "WNW 2"
     ],
     "mistral_type": true
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-20",
     "readings": [
      "W 3",
      "NW 2",
      "WNW 3",
      "WNW 2",
      "WNW 2",
      "W 2"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-21",
     "readings": [
      "W 1",
      "WNW 1",
      "W 2",
      "W 2",
      "W 1",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-22",
     "readings": [
      "E 1",
      "SSW 1",
      "SSW 3",
      "SE 2",
      "SSE 1",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-23",
     "readings": [
      "E 1",
      "ESE 1",
      "SE 3",
      "SE 1",
      "ESE 1",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-24",
     "readings": [
      "E 1",
      "NW 1",
      "SW 2",
      "SSW 1",
      "SSW 1",
      "E 0"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-25",
     "readings": [
      "E 1",
      "SE 2",
      "SSE 3",
      "S 2",
      "SE 2",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-26",
     "readings": [
      "SE 1",
      "SSE 1",
      "WNW 2",
      "SW 1",
      "SSW 1",
      "NE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-27",
     "readings": [
      "W 1",
      "WNW 1",
      "WSW 2",
      "SW 2",
      "Calme 0",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-28",
     "readings": [
      "WNW 3",
      "NW 3",
      "NW 4",
      "NW 4",
      "NW 4",
      "NW 4"
     ],
     "mistral_type": true
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-29",
     "readings": [
      "WNW 3",
      "W 4",
      "WSW 3",
      "W 3",
      "W 3",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-30",
     "readings": [
      "W 1",
      "WNW 1",
      "S 3",
      "S 2",
      "SE 2",
      "SE 3"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1888-07-31",
     "readings": [
      "SE 1",
      "NW 1",
      "S 2",
      "S 2",
      "NNW 1",
      "WNW 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    }
   ],
   "marseille_july_mistral_days": [
    "1888-07-01",
    "1888-07-02",
    "1888-07-09",
    "1888-07-10",
    "1888-07-12",
    "1888-07-13",
    "1888-07-19",
    "1888-07-28"
   ]
  },
  "633": {
   "date": "Arles, Wednesday, 27 June 1888",
   "date_basis": "Reconstructed by the edition, partly from the weather; the painting session is undated.",
   "quotes": [
    {
     "letter": 633,
     "text": "I deliberately went outside to make it, out in the mistral."
    },
    {
     "letter": 633,
     "text": "so much has the day in the full sun tired me otherwise"
    }
   ]
  },
  "809": {
   "date": "Saint-Rémy, on or about Tuesday, 8 October 1889",
   "date_basis": "Approximate, as the edition gives it.",
   "quotes": [
    {
     "letter": 809,
     "text": "bury your easel in the stones so that the wind doesn’t send everything flying to the ground."
    }
   ]
  },
  "806": {
   "date": "Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Saturday, 28 September 1889",
   "date_basis": "Reconstructed by the edition from the consignment of canvases “leaving today” and letters 802, 807 and 808.",
   "quotes": [
    {
     "letter": 806,
     "text": "Now for that reaper – at first I feared that the large format repetition that I’m sending you wasn’t bad – but afterwards, when the days of mistral and rain came, I preferred the canvas done from life"
    },
    {
     "letter": 806,
     "text": "when the weather’s cold and sad"
    },
    {
     "letter": 806,
     "text": "that summer furnace over the white-hot wheat"
    }
   ],
   "repetition_basis": {
    "letter": 806,
    "text": "The version painted from nature is Reaper ( F 617 / JH 1753 ); the repetition is Reaper ( F 618 / JH 1773 )."
   },
   "started": {
    "letter": 800,
    "text": "whereas later in the letter (l. 314) it appears to be finished. Taking this into account, we have dated the letter to Thursday, 5 and Friday, 6 September 1889."
   },
   "splendid": {
    "letter": 804,
    "text": "The weather outside has been splendid for a very long time"
   },
   "september": [
    {
     "date": "1889-09-01",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 15.7,
     "tx": 26.5,
     "saint_remy_mm": 0,
     "les_baux_mm": 0,
     "beaucaire_mm": 0.0,
     "aramon_mm": 0.0,
     "marseille_wind": [
      "W 0",
      "W 1",
      "W 2",
      "W 1",
      "W 1",
      "W 0"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1889-09-02",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 17.8,
     "tx": 28.1,
     "saint_remy_mm": 0,
     "les_baux_mm": 0,
     "beaucaire_mm": 0.0,
     "aramon_mm": 0.0,
     "marseille_wind": [
      "E 0",
      "SSW 1",
      "S 1",
      "WSW 1",
      "SW 1",
      "NE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1889-09-03",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 16.9,
     "tx": 30.2,
     "saint_remy_mm": 0,
     "les_baux_mm": 0,
     "beaucaire_mm": 5.0,
     "aramon_mm": 0.0,
     "marseille_wind": [
      "SE 0",
      "WNW 1",
      "WSW 1",
      "SW 2",
      "SSW 1",
      "SSW 0"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1889-09-04",
     "rain_mm": 2.0,
     "tn": 16.8,
     "tx": 28.1,
     "saint_remy_mm": 8,
     "les_baux_mm": 3,
     "beaucaire_mm": 0.0,
     "aramon_mm": 0.0,
     "marseille_wind": [
      "WNW 0",
      "W 1",
      "W 3",
      "WSW 2",
      "WNW 1",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1889-09-05",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 15.2,
     "tx": 26.1,
     "saint_remy_mm": 0,
     "les_baux_mm": 0,
     "beaucaire_mm": 0.0,
     "aramon_mm": 0.0,
     "marseille_wind": [
      "NW 0",
      "WNW 1",
      "SW 2",
      "W 3",
      "NW 1",
      "ENE 1"
     ],
     "mistral_type": false
    },
    {
     "date": "1889-09-06",
     "rain_mm": 0.0,
     "tn": 16.3,
     "tx": 26.4,
     "saint_remy_mm": 0,
     "les_baux_mm": 0,
     "beaucaire_mm": 0.0,
     "aramon_mm": 0.0,
     "marseille_wind": [
      "NE 0",
      "WSW 1",
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   "title": "Météo-France daily climatological data, Bouches-du-Rhône, before 1949",
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   "license_url": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/licence-ouverte-open-licence/"
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  "mf-30": {
   "title": "Météo-France daily climatological data, Gard, before 1949",
   "url": "https://meteofrance.s3.sbg.io.cloud.ovh.net/data/synchro_ftp/BASE/QUOT/Q_30_avant-1949_RR-T-Vent.csv.gz",
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  "pluies-1889": {
   "title": "Annales du Bureau central météorologique de France 1889, tome III, Pluies en France, page 198",
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   "title": "Annales du Bureau central météorologique de France 1888, tome II, page A.165, Marseille, July (Gallica)",
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   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-23",
   "license": "Brief attributed quotation for analysis; see vangoghletters.org/vg/copyright.html",
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  "wikidata": {
   "title": "Wikidata coordinates for Arles, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence and Saint-Paul-de-Mausole",
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  },
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}