{
 "slug": "moran-grand-canyon-yellowstone-1893-1901",
 "schema": "nephos.study-data.v1",
 "object": {
  "artist": "Thomas Moran",
  "title": "The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone",
  "accession": "1928.7.1",
  "holder": "Smithsonian American Art Museum",
  "catalogue_date": "1893-1901",
  "url": "https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/grand-canyon-yellowstone-17831",
  "date_basis": "SAAM catalogue/inscription range; NGA connects this canvas to the 1892 return and 1893 exhibition. The chronology places work on the large canvas in October 1892.",
  "painted_day": null,
  "painted_day_null_reason": "studio_composition_no_documented_depicted_day",
  "revisions_1901": null,
  "revisions_1901_null_reason": "no_verified_revision_sequence"
 },
 "window": {
  "start": "1892-07-26",
  "end": "1892-07-31",
  "days": 6,
  "canyon_dates": [
   "1892-07-26",
   "1892-07-31"
  ],
  "basis": "Span between two inscribed canyon drawings, not continuous residence or dates of painting. The letter and itinerary place Moran at the lake and geyser basins between them.",
  "whole_trip": false
 },
 "station": {
  "name": "Fort Yellowstone, Wyoming (Mammoth Hot Springs)",
  "archive_id": "NOAA NCEI CL-1059 / image 01014",
  "observer": "Chas. M. Gandy, Capt. & Asst. Surgeon, U.S. Army (signature)",
  "latitude": null,
  "longitude": null,
  "km_to_canyon": null,
  "location_null_reason": "exact_1892_thermometer_site_not_established; NOAA index coordinates 0,0 are a placeholder",
  "locality": "Fort Yellowstone, Mammoth Hot Springs, as identified by NPS; not a canyon observation",
  "observing_hours": null,
  "observing_hours_null_reason": "not_stated_on_form",
  "exposure": null,
  "exposure_null_reason": "not_stated_on_form"
 },
 "temperature": {
  "days": 6,
  "readings": 12,
  "lowest_minimum_f": 38,
  "highest_maximum_f": 86,
  "minimum_of_maxima_f": 62,
  "maximum_of_minima_f": 48,
  "aggregation": "Extrema across six daily maximum/minimum pairs at one post; no cross-station averaging."
 },
 "series": [
  {
   "date": "1892-07-26",
   "maximum_raw": "81",
   "minimum_raw": "48",
   "range_raw": "33",
   "precipitation_raw": "",
   "precipitation_in": null,
   "precipitation_null_reason": "blank_cell_not_zero",
   "cloud": null,
   "cloud_null_reason": "no_cloud_column_on_form",
   "maximum_f": 81,
   "minimum_f": 48,
   "range_f": 33
  },
  {
   "date": "1892-07-27",
   "maximum_raw": "62",
   "minimum_raw": "45",
   "range_raw": "17",
   "precipitation_raw": "",
   "precipitation_in": null,
   "precipitation_null_reason": "blank_cell_not_zero",
   "cloud": null,
   "cloud_null_reason": "no_cloud_column_on_form",
   "maximum_f": 62,
   "minimum_f": 45,
   "range_f": 17
  },
  {
   "date": "1892-07-28",
   "maximum_raw": "72",
   "minimum_raw": "38",
   "range_raw": "34",
   "precipitation_raw": "",
   "precipitation_in": null,
   "precipitation_null_reason": "blank_cell_not_zero",
   "cloud": null,
   "cloud_null_reason": "no_cloud_column_on_form",
   "maximum_f": 72,
   "minimum_f": 38,
   "range_f": 34
  },
  {
   "date": "1892-07-29",
   "maximum_raw": "78",
   "minimum_raw": "45",
   "range_raw": "33",
   "precipitation_raw": "",
   "precipitation_in": null,
   "precipitation_null_reason": "blank_cell_not_zero",
   "cloud": null,
   "cloud_null_reason": "no_cloud_column_on_form",
   "maximum_f": 78,
   "minimum_f": 45,
   "range_f": 33
  },
  {
   "date": "1892-07-30",
   "maximum_raw": "80",
   "minimum_raw": "44",
   "range_raw": "36",
   "precipitation_raw": "",
   "precipitation_in": null,
   "precipitation_null_reason": "blank_cell_not_zero",
   "cloud": null,
   "cloud_null_reason": "no_cloud_column_on_form",
   "maximum_f": 80,
   "minimum_f": 44,
   "range_f": 36
  },
  {
   "date": "1892-07-31",
   "maximum_raw": "86",
   "minimum_raw": "47",
   "range_raw": "39",
   "precipitation_raw": "",
   "precipitation_in": null,
   "precipitation_null_reason": "blank_cell_not_zero",
   "cloud": null,
   "cloud_null_reason": "no_cloud_column_on_form",
   "maximum_f": 86,
   "minimum_f": 47,
   "range_f": 39
  }
 ],
 "witnesses": {
  "intention": {
   "text": "I think I can paint a better picture",
   "source": "Moran to Mary Nimmo Moran, 26 July 1892; NGA chronology (1997), p. 256, citing Bassford and Fryxell (1967), pp. 119–122.",
   "source_key": "chronology",
   "url": "https://www.nga.gov/sites/default/files/migrate_images/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/thomas-moran.pdf#page=259"
  },
  "effect": {
   "text": "a forenoon effect, with spray rising from the falls",
   "source": "New York Herald, 1 December 1892, transcribed in the NGA chronology (1997), p. 257. A review of the exhibited state, not a weather observation.",
   "source_key": "studio",
   "url": "https://www.nga.gov/sites/default/files/migrate_images/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/thomas-moran.pdf#page=260"
  },
  "west-wall": {
   "text": "T. M. July 26th 1892.",
   "source": "Moran’s inscription, West Wall of the Canyon, Cooper Hewitt 1917-17-19; museum transcription.",
   "source_key": "west-wall",
   "url": "https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/18189527/"
  },
  "moran-point": {
   "text": "July 31st, 1892. T. M.",
   "source": "Moran’s inscription, Moran’s Point, Cooper Hewitt 1917-17-51; museum transcription.",
   "source_key": "moran-point",
   "url": "https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/18189737/"
  }
 },
 "unknowns": {
  "canyon_weather": null,
  "rain_total_in": null,
  "cloud_amount": null,
  "painted_sky_agreement": null,
  "climatic_rank": null,
  "modern_anomaly": null
 },
 "null_reasons": {
  "canyon_weather": "different_locality",
  "rain_total_in": "blank_cells_not_zero",
  "cloud_amount": "no_cloud_column",
  "painted_sky_agreement": "no_depicted_day_and_no_canyon_observation",
  "climatic_rank": "no_homogeneous_comparison_series_established",
  "modern_anomaly": "no_like_for_like_station_continuity_established"
 },
 "comparison": {
  "earlier_url": "/studies/moran-grand-canyon-yellowstone",
  "earlier_date": "1872",
  "source_key": "comparison",
  "supported": "NGA identifies removal of foreground figures, reduced framing trees, looser handling and greater emphasis on colour.",
  "interpretation": "The later image can be read beside expanding park tourism and administration; omission of people is not evidence of an empty or unchanged landscape."
 },
 "receipts": {
  "object": {
   "title": "SAAM object 1928.7.1 and public-domain media declaration",
   "url": "https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/grand-canyon-yellowstone-17831",
   "sha256": "c1bbf4439f3f44a271ea8f340c77953501ba6ff30881e4d89e68d57721dfb7d5",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "Smithsonian object metadata; CC0 image; prose cited briefly",
   "locator": "Object identity and rights",
   "note": ""
  },
  "catalogue": {
   "title": "Nancy K. Anderson et al., Thomas Moran (NGA, 1997)",
   "url": "https://www.nga.gov/sites/default/files/migrate_images/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/thomas-moran.pdf",
   "sha256": "e8d39c3dd3942588a996e2b1e8294507ff17c9d9f135d56e6c9e085790521760",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "NGA free research PDF; © 1997 Board of Trustees National Gallery of Art; short excerpts only; no republication",
   "locator": "pp. 126–127, 256–257 / PDF pp. 129–130, 259–260",
   "note": ""
  },
  "comparison": {
   "title": "NGA comparison of the 1872 and later canvases",
   "url": "https://www.nga.gov/sites/default/files/migrate_images/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/thomas-moran.pdf#page=129",
   "sha256": "c56ace17be3d5fedbec03d97f9da69c8baad247ad6e173a3b6365c0cd8881e48",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "Text extraction from cited NGA research PDF; not an independent source",
   "locator": "p. 126 / PDF p. 129; fig. 8 identifies this canvas",
   "note": ""
  },
  "chronology": {
   "title": "NGA chronology: July 1892 letters and drawings",
   "url": "https://www.nga.gov/sites/default/files/migrate_images/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/thomas-moran.pdf#page=259",
   "sha256": "cb21384e7c6f5904e6da1e8b1b0d49e7edf7c798ad758b6265115f9f8148b850",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "Text extraction from cited NGA research PDF; not an independent source",
   "locator": "p. 256 / PDF p. 259",
   "note": ""
  },
  "studio": {
   "title": "NGA chronology: 1892 studio reports",
   "url": "https://www.nga.gov/sites/default/files/migrate_images/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/thomas-moran.pdf#page=260",
   "sha256": "d9544bb709870cccaca48a7ff13ef0a940ae2a63daf6b5c90369c4a2f82d579a",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "Text extraction from cited NGA research PDF; not an independent source",
   "locator": "p. 257 / PDF p. 260",
   "note": ""
  },
  "west-wall": {
   "title": "Cooper Hewitt, West Wall of the Canyon, 1917-17-19",
   "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cooperhewitt/collection/master/objects/181/895/27/18189527.json",
   "sha256": "11c5bfc4fb7962c5ffd3c0740bea71a4060060f08f8f74d63ac638beefaf76e6",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "Cooper Hewitt collection metadata CC0",
   "locator": "Museum’s published collection metadata and inscription",
   "note": ""
  },
  "moran-point": {
   "title": "Cooper Hewitt, Moran’s Point, 1917-17-51",
   "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cooperhewitt/collection/master/objects/181/897/37/18189737.json",
   "sha256": "66c826921e997961635d490d14cbf6e6cae9026873defc248a06ed0af9d85d99",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "Cooper Hewitt collection metadata CC0",
   "locator": "Museum’s published collection metadata and inscription",
   "note": ""
  },
  "register": {
   "title": "US Army, Fort Yellowstone meteorological register, July 1892",
   "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/nerms/api/document/58C0B58784E44BD486CF88C2BD94814C/download",
   "sha256": "586a30424fb21962143342ac1e7c1639d8d4c2e2e1bb23300be38999976e344f",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "NOAA public-domain historical government record",
   "locator": "NOAA NCEI CL-1059, image 01014, rows 26–31",
   "note": ""
  },
  "transcription": {
   "title": "Nephos transcription of six Fort Yellowstone daily rows",
   "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/nerms/api/document/58C0B58784E44BD486CF88C2BD94814C/download",
   "sha256": "d9bbe2a1ed238194f2f2d1ded49e5719259c1ee35732e45edc28597d72ab41cf",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "Nephos transcription of a public-domain US Army register",
   "locator": "Checked against scan; two inline readings, one owner",
   "note": ""
  },
  "fort": {
   "title": "National Park Service, Fort Yellowstone",
   "url": "https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/historyculture/fort-yellowstone.htm",
   "sha256": "32bcafc6d49bd5b53375372946e4272235c06193b95d8919c99297844884925a",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "US National Park Service public-domain text; named third-party images not reused",
   "locator": "Mammoth locality and Army administration",
   "note": ""
  },
  "image": {
   "title": "SAAM public-domain reproduction, 1928.7.1",
   "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=SAAM-1928.7.1_2&max=1600",
   "sha256": "f412213939ac916ae0fc8cdb9b0b7419fa1e3551fe499c4e84d606eccf0e400d",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07",
   "license": "US Government public-domain source; Smithsonian media marked public domain",
   "locator": "Smithsonian image SAAM-1928.7.1_2",
   "note": ""
  }
 }
}