{
 "slug": "lane-nyyc-regatta-1856",
 "painting": {
  "artist": "Fitz Henry Lane",
  "holder": "Newport Art Museum",
  "accession": "1991.007.001",
  "museum_date": "1856",
  "alternative_date": "After 1856",
  "execution": "Likely finished in the studio afterwards; inference from the alternative dating, not a documented studio session.",
  "image": null,
  "image_reason": "no_open_licence_established_for_specific_reproduction"
 },
 "window": {
  "start": "1856-08-08",
  "end": "1856-08-08",
  "days": 1,
  "basis": "U.S. Nautical Magazine vol. V (October 1856–March 1857), p. 16; corroborated by the dated heading of the R. B. F. reprint, p. 231.",
  "type": "documented_regatta_event_not_painted_day"
 },
 "station": {
  "id": "195246",
  "name": "New Bedford",
  "observers": "Samuel Rodman; Susan E. Rodman; Thomas R. Rodman",
  "lat": 41.63306,
  "lon": -70.92972,
  "estimated_location": true,
  "note": "The Rodman family was prominent in New Bedford.  They kept this record for a long time period.  They lived in a mansion on the corner of County and Spring Streets where the station was likely located."
 },
 "rain": {
  "date": "1856-08-08",
  "rain_in": 0.45,
  "rain_mm": 11.43,
  "rain_reason": null,
  "raw_cell": "0.45",
  "raw_row": "195246,41.63306,70.92972,1856,08,08,,0.45,,,,,,,,,,,",
  "source_key": "new-bedford",
  "field": "PRCP-99",
  "observation_time": null,
  "observation_time_reason": "hour_code_99_unknown",
  "temperature_f": null,
  "temperature_reason": "all_temperature_fields_blank"
 },
 "series": [
  {
   "date": "1856-08-07",
   "rain_in": 0.0,
   "rain_mm": 0.0,
   "rain_reason": null,
   "raw_cell": "0",
   "raw_row": "195246,41.63306,70.92972,1856,08,07,,0,,,,,,,,,,,",
   "source_key": "new-bedford",
   "field": "PRCP-99",
   "observation_time": null,
   "observation_time_reason": "hour_code_99_unknown",
   "temperature_f": null,
   "temperature_reason": "all_temperature_fields_blank"
  },
  {
   "date": "1856-08-08",
   "rain_in": 0.45,
   "rain_mm": 11.43,
   "rain_reason": null,
   "raw_cell": "0.45",
   "raw_row": "195246,41.63306,70.92972,1856,08,08,,0.45,,,,,,,,,,,",
   "source_key": "new-bedford",
   "field": "PRCP-99",
   "observation_time": null,
   "observation_time_reason": "hour_code_99_unknown",
   "temperature_f": null,
   "temperature_reason": "all_temperature_fields_blank"
  },
  {
   "date": "1856-08-09",
   "rain_in": 0.0,
   "rain_mm": 0.0,
   "rain_reason": null,
   "raw_cell": "0",
   "raw_row": "195246,41.63306,70.92972,1856,08,09,,0,,,,,,,,,,,",
   "source_key": "new-bedford",
   "field": "PRCP-99",
   "observation_time": null,
   "observation_time_reason": "hour_code_99_unknown",
   "temperature_f": null,
   "temperature_reason": "all_temperature_fields_blank"
  }
 ],
 "coverage": {
  "first": "1844-08-01",
  "last": "1892-12-31",
  "august_1856_rows": 31,
  "august_1856_rain_values": 31,
  "rank": null,
  "rank_reason": "event_consistency_study_not_climatological_rarity_test",
  "modern_reference": null,
  "modern_reference_reason": "no_matched_exposure_and_observation_day_reference_established"
 },
 "witnesses": {
  "event": {
   "text": "As announced in our last issue, the second Regatta of the season came off on the 8th of August, and by the politeness of C. H. Haswell, Esq., we have been favored with accurate returns.",
   "source_key": "nautical",
   "printed_page": 16,
   "pdf_page": 2,
   "source": "U.S. Nautical Magazine and Naval Journal, vol. V (1856), p. 16",
   "url": "https://cdn.panopticoncr.com/fitzhen001/supplemental_files/docs/us%20nauticalny%20regatta001.pdf#page=2"
  },
  "committee_wind": {
   "text": "The wind was very fresh from the S. W. during the whole of the race.",
   "source_key": "nautical",
   "printed_page": 17,
   "pdf_page": 3,
   "source": "Sailing Committee report, U.S. Nautical Magazine and Naval Journal, vol. V (1856), p. 17",
   "url": "https://cdn.panopticoncr.com/fitzhen001/supplemental_files/docs/us%20nauticalny%20regatta001.pdf#page=3"
  },
  "start_wind": {
   "text": "The yachts lay with springs on their cables, head to the wind, which was fresh about S.S.W.,",
   "source_key": "forbes",
   "printed_page": 231,
   "pdf_page": 1,
   "source": "R. B. F., attributed to Robert Bennet Forbes aboard Julia; reprinted by Llewellyn Howland in The American Neptune 10 (1950), p. 231",
   "url": "https://cdn.panopticoncr.com/fitzhen001/supplemental_files/docs/RBForbesArticleRegattaFINAL.pdf#page=1"
  },
  "bay_wind_sea": {
   "text": "As we jumped out into the Bay the wind and sea increased, giving the Julia just as much as was necessary for comfort, and slightly more than was necessary for speed.",
   "source_key": "forbes",
   "printed_page": 232,
   "pdf_page": 2,
   "source": "R. B. F., attributed to Robert Bennet Forbes aboard Julia; The American Neptune 10 (1950), p. 232",
   "url": "https://cdn.panopticoncr.com/fitzhen001/supplemental_files/docs/RBForbesArticleRegattaFINAL.pdf#page=2"
  },
  "smith_morning": {
   "text": "A.M. wind SW and pleasant.",
   "source_key": "smith",
   "source": "Henry Smith, Westport, 8 August 1856; Westport Historical Society volunteer transcription (2025), p. 189",
   "url": "https://wpthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Henry-Smith-Journal-FINAL-with-extra-info.pdf#page=192"
  },
  "smith_shower": {
   "text": "Had a thunder shower from SW.",
   "source_key": "smith",
   "source": "Henry Smith, Westport, 8 August 1856; Westport Historical Society volunteer transcription (2025), p. 189",
   "url": "https://wpthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Henry-Smith-Journal-FINAL-with-extra-info.pdf#page=192"
  },
  "painted_conditions": {
   "text": "the wind and waves about all they can manage.",
   "source_key": "catalogue",
   "source": "Erik Ronnberg, Fitz Henry Lane Online, commentary on inv. 396",
   "url": "https://www.fitzhenrylaneonline.org/catalogue/entry.php?id=396"
  }
 },
 "start_times": [
  {
   "class": "Third",
   "time_local": "10:50",
   "source_key": "nautical",
   "printed_page": 16,
   "pdf_page": 2
  },
  {
   "class": "Second",
   "time_local": "10:55",
   "source_key": "nautical",
   "printed_page": 17,
   "pdf_page": 3
  },
  {
   "class": "First",
   "time_local": "11:00",
   "source_key": "nautical",
   "printed_page": 17,
   "pdf_page": 3
  }
 ],
 "rejected": {
  "fort_adams": {
   "id": "372826",
   "name": "FORT ADAMS",
   "observers": "various Army surgeons",
   "lat": 41.47444,
   "lon": -71.34083,
   "estimated_location": false,
   "note": "According to an 1870 Rhode Island State Atlas  found at the Historic Map Works website  the post hospital was located about one-quarter mile SSW of the main fort casemates along what is now Polk Road (http://is.gd/eTDRI).  The elevation given by later observers matches the elevation at this location  and is used here.  Note that some early barometer observations were taken from a barometer in the town of Newport  as noted by the observer when the post first began observations.  There is also a note on the site http://www.riparks.com/fortadamshistory.htm that the hospital may have been located in the main fort area right at the beginning  as it says that \"shortly after the fort was garrisoned  the surgeon recommended moving the hospital from the casemates.\"  So there may be some small fluctuations in the precise location; however  this would be no more than the 1/4 mile NNE referenced above  and the elevation no more than about 20' lower.",
   "value": null,
   "reason": "all_observation_fields_blank",
   "raw_row": "372826,41.47444,71.34083,1856,08,08,,,,,,,,,,,,,,",
   "km_to_new_bedford_station": 38.5
  }
 },
 "unresolved": {
  "painted_day": null,
  "painted_day_reason": "event_date_is_not_execution_date",
  "depicted_minute": null,
  "depicted_minute_reason": "catalogue_sequence_not_consistent_enough_for_exact_minute",
  "rain_during_start": null,
  "rain_during_start_reason": "unknown_gauge_observation_time_and_daily_accumulation_boundary",
  "wind_speed": null,
  "wind_speed_reason": "qualitative_accounts_no_instrument_reading",
  "wave_height": null,
  "wave_height_reason": "no_measured_waves_at_painted_position",
  "altered_weather": null,
  "altered_weather_reason": "no_verified_sketch_to_canvas_weather_comparison",
  "km_to_painted_position": null,
  "km_to_painted_position_reason": "no_single_verified_coordinate_for_viewpoint"
 },
 "receipts": {
  "museum": {
   "title": "Newport Art Museum, American Art",
   "url": "https://newportartmuseum.org/collection/american-art/",
   "sha256": "5e4957700c18e27fe0701c5c8ce5c5e47bdbb9da72a66d3c5a48ca3990395d7e",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Modern museum text; research cache only; no image reuse licence established.",
   "locator": "Accession 1991.007.001; 1856"
  },
  "museum-text": {
   "title": "Text extraction of museum record",
   "url": "https://newportartmuseum.org/collection/american-art/",
   "sha256": "899577f2d2dedeff120d76c780bcc16cb7f0492af287212f54b8a148768e7440",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Modern museum text; research cache only; no image reuse licence established.",
   "locator": "Object caption"
  },
  "catalogue": {
   "title": "Cape Ann Museum, Fitz Henry Lane Online, inv. 396",
   "url": "https://www.fitzhenrylaneonline.org/catalogue/entry.php?id=396",
   "sha256": "6073014b7b883e35ef80cd8deaaab770d83bbc1a40f7526cdd5a1f6564987f42",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Modern scholarly text; research cache only; no image reuse licence established.",
   "locator": "After 1856; starting-line commentary by Erik Ronnberg"
  },
  "catalogue-text": {
   "title": "Text extraction of inv. 396",
   "url": "https://www.fitzhenrylaneonline.org/catalogue/entry.php?id=396",
   "sha256": "c28a0a6c882188321cf06fc144600c5f42ea7385850279c861aaf6184f88bbdf",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Modern scholarly text; research cache only; no image reuse licence established.",
   "locator": "HTML text"
  },
  "sketch": {
   "title": "Cape Ann Museum, Sloop with Study of Masthead Rigging, inv. 188",
   "url": "https://www.fitzhenrylaneonline.org/catalogue/entry.php?id=188",
   "sha256": "4810dff809a12fea89713d32778b787c6ac5f3fe980332709a6a61301d2d1ed0",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Modern institutional text; research cache only; no image reuse inferred.",
   "locator": "Possible regatta sketch, not securely identified"
  },
  "nga": {
   "title": "Erik Ronnberg, in Paintings by Fitz Hugh Lane (National Gallery of Art, 1988)",
   "url": "https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/paintings-by-fitz-hugh-lane.pdf",
   "sha256": "64e177c5f3687f6989b4903ab1c07fc0e749ab87e732cc29b78ee4d19d85ad6c",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Copyright 1988 National Gallery of Art; official public research PDF, no open image licence. Short excerpt and paraphrase only.",
   "locator": "p. 77: regatta sketches and spectator craft; p. 78, cat. 33"
  },
  "nga-text": {
   "title": "Text extraction of NGA catalogue",
   "url": "https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/paintings-by-fitz-hugh-lane.pdf",
   "sha256": "aeb97426baf2377fb45c08bc680f12fdebb45d9534477df39eae68ee19f9432f",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Copyright 1988 National Gallery of Art; official public research PDF, no open image licence. Short excerpt and paraphrase only.",
   "locator": "PyMuPDF extraction; pp. 77–78 visually inspected"
  },
  "nautical": {
   "title": "U.S. Nautical Magazine and Naval Journal, vol. V (1856)",
   "url": "https://cdn.panopticoncr.com/fitzhen001/supplemental_files/docs/us%20nauticalny%20regatta001.pdf",
   "sha256": "659bb53d773dd43439eccb977977ad007f1ccab4295425fb95b2f2baf8f8bca8",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Public-domain 1856 periodical; scan publicly supplied by Cape Ann Museum catalogue.",
   "locator": "pp. 16–18; PDF pp. 2–4"
  },
  "forbes": {
   "title": "R. B. F., attributed to Robert Bennet Forbes; The American Neptune 10 (1950)",
   "url": "https://cdn.panopticoncr.com/fitzhen001/supplemental_files/docs/RBForbesArticleRegattaFINAL.pdf",
   "sha256": "739cd453e0fe593da06dd0546b559feefd3f653e6659cb3ede6b950e5042f7af",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "1856 account is public-domain; 1950 editorial matter not assumed open; internal research cache only.",
   "locator": "pp. 231–234; contributed by Llewellyn Howland"
  },
  "transcription": {
   "title": "Nephos selected transcription of the two race accounts",
   "url": "https://cdn.panopticoncr.com/fitzhen001/supplemental_files/docs/us%20nauticalny%20regatta001.pdf",
   "sha256": "18aded945b8bb4db3e915307f4d074a0ba17b51800ca1bc7c79487c0be351aef",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Nephos transcription of public-domain historical words; source scans pinned separately.",
   "locator": "Source scans checked inline; not an independent second reader"
  },
  "smith": {
   "title": "Henry Smith journal, Westport Historical Society volunteer transcription (2025)",
   "url": "https://wpthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Henry-Smith-Journal-FINAL-with-extra-info.pdf",
   "sha256": "d7106bbfe850f9aee392cebe0f56869dae328bd378033b468a9fe9361f4bf4c1",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Public-domain 1856 diary words in Westport Historical Society 2025 volunteer transcription. Modern editorial matter not assumed open; short excerpts only.",
   "locator": "8 August 1856; printed p. 189 / PDF p. 192"
  },
  "smith-text": {
   "title": "Text extraction of Henry Smith journal",
   "url": "https://wpthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Henry-Smith-Journal-FINAL-with-extra-info.pdf",
   "sha256": "f547b2cfe1351e8d7afc9e2a4a5f6a2d848758d15743d27d04b136b4110f92fa",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Public-domain 1856 diary words in Westport Historical Society 2025 volunteer transcription. Modern editorial matter not assumed open; short excerpts only.",
   "locator": "Date-bounded quotations; damaged glyphs outside quoted passages retained"
  },
  "smith-place": {
   "title": "Westport Historical Society, Henry Smith journal background",
   "url": "https://wpthistory.org/2024/07/help-us-transcribe-the-journal-of-henry-smith/",
   "sha256": "427249760dd19733389b9afcb19d14c9fa4ee5b6a9b43a4fe944e8beb630cb28",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Modern institutional text; research cache only; no image reuse inferred.",
   "locator": "Farm at 775 Horseneck Road; no precise observation spot established"
  },
  "new-bedford": {
   "title": "New Bedford daily register, NOAA/CDMP and MRCC",
   "url": "https://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/FORTS/Data/DAILYBYSTATE/MA_New_Bedford.data.csv",
   "sha256": "be932224fa85cf75ec3d62cd4168ae0ecc888aea36df7d483a3798a8a7a43598",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Historical observations digitized by NOAA/CDMP and quality controlled by MRCC; public numerical data; credit NOAA and MRCC.",
   "locator": "Station 195246, 8 August 1856, PRCP-99; neighbouring dates shown separately"
  },
  "new-bedford-meta": {
   "title": "MRCC, New Bedford station metadata",
   "url": "https://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/FORTS/Data/DAILYBYSTATE/MA_New_Bedford.metadata.csv",
   "sha256": "83728b65e0e4ab21cc2c04aba070461a29b455ff13ca017026af88740380c315",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "NOAA/CDMP and MRCC station metadata; research use with provider credit.",
   "locator": "Estimated Rodman-family location; hour code 99 unknown"
  },
  "fort-adams": {
   "title": "Fort Adams daily register, NOAA/CDMP and MRCC",
   "url": "https://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/FORTS/Data/DAILYBYSTATE/RI_Fort_Adams.data.csv",
   "sha256": "7e32d603ee908ceb72ef614a1bf8f921882bcbfaa81e4da12545ed0b49450763",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "Historical observations digitized by NOAA/CDMP and quality controlled by MRCC; public numerical data; credit NOAA and MRCC.",
   "locator": "8 August 1856: all readings blank; retained as missing evidence"
  },
  "fort-adams-meta": {
   "title": "MRCC, Fort Adams station metadata",
   "url": "https://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/FORTS/Data/DAILYBYSTATE/RI_Fort_Adams.metadata.csv",
   "sha256": "8fdaaab8d38923766d3595ecbd98e4ac093b383bb39e466ce9c47886a9f13362",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "license": "NOAA/CDMP and MRCC station metadata; research use with provider credit.",
   "locator": "Station 372826; various Army surgeons"
  }
 }
}