{
 "slug": "constable-weymouth-bay-1816",
 "places": {
  "cove": {
   "name": "Bowleaze Cove, Weymouth Bay",
   "lat": 50.6376658,
   "lon": -2.4183293
  },
  "exeter": {
   "name": "Exeter (the diary’s town)",
   "km": 79
  },
  "london": {
   "name": "Tottenham, London (Luke Howard’s register)",
   "km": 195
  },
  "cet": "Central England Temperature, a series for the English Midlands, not the Dorset coast"
 },
 "paintings": {
  "vam": {
   "holder": "Victoria and Albert Museum",
   "accession": "330-1888",
   "date": "1816",
   "medium": "oil on board",
   "summary": "Constable painted this sketch of Bowleaze Cove in Weymouth Bay during his honeymoon."
  },
  "ng": {
   "holder": "National Gallery, London",
   "accession": "NG2652",
   "date": "1816-17",
   "medium": "oil on canvas",
   "size_cm": "53 × 75"
  }
 },
 "window": {
  "start": "1816-10-12",
  "end": "1816-11-30",
  "basis": "Married on 2 October 1816; at Netley Abbey on the way on 11 October; drawings dated at Osmington Bay on 7 November, Portland on 20 November and Preston on 21 November; back in London on 9 December after “Six weeks” in Dorset."
 },
 "anchors": [
  {
   "accession": "823-1888",
   "title": "Netley Abbey: the east window",
   "date": "11/10/1816",
   "inscription": null,
   "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O125888/"
  },
  {
   "accession": "311-1888",
   "title": "Osmington Bay, with Portland Island in the distance.",
   "date": "1816, November 7",
   "inscription": "Novr. 7. 1816--Osmington Bay",
   "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1041859/"
  },
  {
   "accession": "628-1888",
   "title": "Portland Island from Chesil Bank",
   "date": "1816, November 20",
   "inscription": "Portland Island Novr. 20. 1816.",
   "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1041813/"
  },
  {
   "accession": "303-1888",
   "title": "Preston Church near Weymouth",
   "date": "1816, November 21",
   "inscription": "21st. Novr. 1816.",
   "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1041862/"
  }
 ],
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   "date": "1816-10-02",
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   "colder_than": 175
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  {
   "date": "1816-10-03",
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  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-04",
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  {
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  {
   "date": "1816-10-12",
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  {
   "date": "1816-10-13",
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  },
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  {
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   "date": "1816-12-04",
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  {
   "date": "1816-12-05",
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  {
   "date": "1816-12-06",
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  {
   "date": "1816-12-07",
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  {
   "date": "1816-12-08",
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  },
  {
   "date": "1816-12-09",
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   "colder_than": 114
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-12-10",
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   "high": 10.8,
   "mean_1991_2020": 5.1,
   "colder_than": 142
  }
 ],
 "cet_window": {
  "y1816": 5.86,
  "y1819": 5.11,
  "place_1816": 24,
  "place_1819": 7,
  "of": 254,
  "years": "1772–2025",
  "mean_1991_2020": 8.46,
  "mean_1801_1830": 7.14,
  "cold_days_1816": 11,
  "cold_days_1819": 8,
  "cold_days_1991_2020": 1.4
 },
 "november_1816": {
  "value": 3.9,
  "place": 21,
  "tied": 4,
  "of": 367,
  "years": "1659–2025"
 },
 "october_1816": {
  "value": 10.3,
  "place": 235,
  "tied": 12,
  "of": 367,
  "years": "1659–2025"
 },
 "july_1816": {
  "value": 13.4,
  "place": 1,
  "tied": 1,
  "of": 367,
  "years": "1659–2025"
 },
 "rain_1816": {
  "october": {
   "value": 106.3,
   "place": 102,
   "tied": 1,
   "of": 260,
   "years": "1766–2025"
  },
  "november": {
   "value": 75.7,
   "place": 164,
   "tied": 1,
   "of": 260,
   "years": "1766–2025"
  }
 },
 "coldest_day": {
  "date": "1816-11-24",
  "cet": -3.6,
  "low": -3.6,
  "high": 12.4,
  "mean_1991_2020": 6.2,
  "colder_than": 1
 },
 "exeter": [
  {
   "date": "1816-10-01",
   "morning_f": 60,
   "afternoon_f": 63.5,
   "night_f": 61,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.44,
   "morning": "Blowing hard with sm. rain.",
   "afternoon": "Fair but windy",
   "night": "Wet haze & mod.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-02",
   "morning_f": 60.5,
   "afternoon_f": 62,
   "night_f": 59,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.5,
   "morning": "Cloudy and blowing hard",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-03",
   "morning_f": 55,
   "afternoon_f": 58.5,
   "night_f": 60,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.75,
   "morning": "Very fine; at 12 small rain.",
   "afternoon": "Small rain",
   "night": "Cloudy, mod sm. rain.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-04",
   "morning_f": 59,
   "afternoon_f": 61,
   "night_f": 59,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.7,
   "morning": "Cloudy and gloomy",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "F. & C.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-05",
   "morning_f": 60,
   "afternoon_f": 60,
   "night_f": 60.5,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.7,
   "morning": "Gloomy & hazy with sm. rain.",
   "afternoon": "Gloomy and hazy",
   "night": "Fine.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-06",
   "morning_f": 60.5,
   "afternoon_f": 61,
   "night_f": 61,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.64,
   "morning": "Gloomy & hazy with sm. rain",
   "afternoon": "Gloomy with wet haze",
   "night": "F. & C.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-07",
   "morning_f": 62,
   "afternoon_f": 65,
   "night_f": 60.5,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.61,
   "morning": "Gloomy and hazy; fine",
   "afternoon": "Fine but cloudy",
   "night": "Cloudy, a little rain.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-08",
   "morning_f": 62,
   "afternoon_f": 63.5,
   "night_f": 60,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.76,
   "morning": "Cloudy, fine",
   "afternoon": "Fine with clouds",
   "night": "F. & C.; wind and rain.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-09",
   "morning_f": 62.5,
   "afternoon_f": 62,
   "night_f": 64,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.72,
   "morning": "Cloudy, lowering",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Rain.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-10",
   "morning_f": 63,
   "afternoon_f": 65,
   "night_f": 58,
   "morning_bar_in": null,
   "morning": "Cloudy and lowering",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Fine.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-11",
   "morning_f": 58,
   "afternoon_f": 61,
   "night_f": 54,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.9,
   "morning": "Fine.",
   "afternoon": "Very fine.",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-12",
   "morning_f": 52.5,
   "afternoon_f": 59,
   "night_f": 58,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.95,
   "morning": "Very fine; after 12 cloudy.",
   "afternoon": "Cloudy, lowering",
   "night": "F. & C; wet haze.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-13",
   "morning_f": 56.5,
   "afternoon_f": 59,
   "night_f": 56,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.92,
   "morning": "Gloomy and hazy",
   "afternoon": "F. & C",
   "night": "Do.; frosty.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-14",
   "morning_f": 51,
   "afternoon_f": 60,
   "night_f": 51,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.95,
   "morning": "Fine though cloudy.",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Do; frosty.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-15",
   "morning_f": 43,
   "afternoon_f": 59,
   "night_f": 53,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.98,
   "morning": "Fog",
   "afternoon": "Fine, with clouds",
   "night": "F. & C.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-16",
   "morning_f": null,
   "afternoon_f": 58,
   "night_f": 57,
   "morning_bar_in": null,
   "morning": "Gloomy",
   "afternoon": "Do.; lowering",
   "night": "Fine.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-17",
   "morning_f": 52,
   "afternoon_f": 57,
   "night_f": 54,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.66,
   "morning": "Very fine",
   "afternoon": "Fine tho' cloudy.",
   "night": "F & C.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-18",
   "morning_f": 49,
   "afternoon_f": 52.5,
   "night_f": 51,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.72,
   "morning": "Very fine",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Fine",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-19",
   "morning_f": 53.5,
   "afternoon_f": 57.5,
   "night_f": 54,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.82,
   "morning": "Fine, aft. 10 sm. drops of rain.",
   "afternoon": "F. & C.",
   "night": "F. & C.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-20",
   "morning_f": 49.5,
   "afternoon_f": 51.5,
   "night_f": 53,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.63,
   "morning": "Fine; after 10 cloudy",
   "afternoon": "F. & C.",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-21",
   "morning_f": 49.5,
   "afternoon_f": 53,
   "night_f": 48.5,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.64,
   "morning": "F. & C.; aft. 12 fine",
   "afternoon": "Fine.",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-22",
   "morning_f": 51,
   "afternoon_f": 52,
   "night_f": 48.5,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.56,
   "morning": "Very fine; aft. 9 small showers.",
   "afternoon": "Cloudy, with some sm. show.",
   "night": "Fine.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-23",
   "morning_f": 44.5,
   "afternoon_f": 50.5,
   "night_f": 52,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.83,
   "morning": "Fine, frosty",
   "afternoon": "F. & C.",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-24",
   "morning_f": 49,
   "afternoon_f": 51,
   "night_f": 47,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.51,
   "morning": "Rain; after 12 fair",
   "afternoon": "Fine",
   "night": "Do.; rain.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-25",
   "morning_f": 49,
   "afternoon_f": 49,
   "night_f": 49,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.1,
   "morning": "Rain; after 12 fair",
   "afternoon": "Fine though hazy",
   "night": "Fine.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-26",
   "morning_f": 42,
   "afternoon_f": 52,
   "night_f": 47,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.31,
   "morning": "Foggy, aft. 10 cloudy with wind & rain.",
   "afternoon": "Cloudy with squalls",
   "night": "Small rain.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-27",
   "morning_f": 52.5,
   "afternoon_f": 56,
   "night_f": 53,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.3,
   "morning": "Cloudy, lower.",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Small rain.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-28",
   "morning_f": 53,
   "afternoon_f": 54,
   "night_f": 54,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.34,
   "morning": "Squalls with rain",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Some small rain.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-29",
   "morning_f": 53,
   "afternoon_f": 55,
   "night_f": 52,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.31,
   "morning": null,
   "afternoon": "Showers, F & C",
   "night": "Do.; showers.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-30",
   "morning_f": 54,
   "afternoon_f": null,
   "night_f": 54,
   "morning_bar_in": 28.88,
   "morning": null,
   "afternoon": "Showers; F & C",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-10-31",
   "morning_f": 52,
   "afternoon_f": null,
   "night_f": 44.5,
   "morning_bar_in": null,
   "morning": "Fine; a small shower",
   "afternoon": "Do.: a small shower",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-01",
   "morning_f": 50,
   "afternoon_f": 51.5,
   "night_f": 45,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.19,
   "morning": "Fine.",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Do.; some sm. rain.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-02",
   "morning_f": 50.5,
   "afternoon_f": 49,
   "night_f": 42,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.13,
   "morning": "Wet, haze & rain; aft. 10 fair.",
   "afternoon": "F. & C.",
   "night": "Do.; frosty.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-03",
   "morning_f": 47,
   "afternoon_f": 48,
   "night_f": 44,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.17,
   "morning": "Fine, frosty",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Do. foggy.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-04",
   "morning_f": 49,
   "afternoon_f": 49,
   "night_f": 46,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.5,
   "morning": "Fine, aft. 10 cloudy & gloomy.",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Foggy.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-05",
   "morning_f": 51,
   "afternoon_f": 50,
   "night_f": 48,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.55,
   "morning": "Fine, show. hazy",
   "afternoon": "Cloudy and wet haze",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-06",
   "morning_f": 46,
   "afternoon_f": 52,
   "night_f": 48,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.27,
   "morning": "Thick fog & sm. ra. clear at 11",
   "afternoon": "Do. fine sharp frost",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-07",
   "morning_f": 33,
   "afternoon_f": 40,
   "night_f": null,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.3,
   "morning": "Cold with sm. drifts of sleet",
   "afternoon": "Fine sharp frost",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-08",
   "morning_f": 30,
   "afternoon_f": 43,
   "night_f": 39,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.29,
   "morning": "Very fine, sharp frost",
   "afternoon": "Fine sharp frost",
   "night": "Cloudy with small showers",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-09",
   "morning_f": 42.5,
   "afternoon_f": 47,
   "night_f": 45,
   "morning_bar_in": 28.76,
   "morning": "Clouds with frequent showers",
   "afternoon": "Do. frequent showers",
   "night": "Squalls, wind and hail.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-10",
   "morning_f": 37.5,
   "afternoon_f": 39,
   "night_f": 32,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.33,
   "morning": "Fine, frosty, drifts of sleet",
   "afternoon": "Cloudy with some drifts of sleet.",
   "night": "Frosty",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-11",
   "morning_f": null,
   "afternoon_f": 41,
   "night_f": 48,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.66,
   "morning": "Hard frost, some sleet; thaw.",
   "afternoon": "Foggy, aft 5 rain and blowing hard.",
   "night": "Fair & blow. hard.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-12",
   "morning_f": 48,
   "afternoon_f": 49,
   "night_f": 52,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.36,
   "morning": "Cloudy & gloomy, more mod.",
   "afternoon": "Do. Do.",
   "night": "Wind & some rain",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-13",
   "morning_f": 53,
   "afternoon_f": 50,
   "night_f": 52,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.69,
   "morning": "Cloudy & overcast; windy.",
   "afternoon": "Cloudy with squalls of rain.",
   "night": "Fine but squally.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-14",
   "morning_f": 46,
   "afternoon_f": 44,
   "night_f": 41,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.65,
   "morning": "Cloudy with sq. of rain & sleet",
   "afternoon": "Do. Do.",
   "night": "Do.; snow & sleet.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-15",
   "morning_f": 34,
   "afternoon_f": 39,
   "night_f": 34,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.4,
   "morning": "Cloudy, after 12 clear",
   "afternoon": "Fine, frosty",
   "night": "Do.; sharp frost.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-16",
   "morning_f": 35,
   "afternoon_f": 40,
   "night_f": null,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.77,
   "morning": "Very fine, sharp frost.",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-17",
   "morning_f": 34,
   "afternoon_f": 42,
   "night_f": 43.5,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.95,
   "morning": "Fine, sharp frost",
   "afternoon": "Cloudy and frosty",
   "night": "F. & C.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-18",
   "morning_f": 41,
   "afternoon_f": 45,
   "night_f": 42,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.55,
   "morning": "Fine with clouds",
   "afternoon": "Cloudy with some very sm. showers",
   "night": "Do. Do.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-19",
   "morning_f": 45,
   "afternoon_f": 50,
   "night_f": 49,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.64,
   "morning": "F. & C.",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Small rain; F.&C.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-20",
   "morning_f": 51,
   "afternoon_f": 52,
   "night_f": 50,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.67,
   "morning": "F. & C",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-21",
   "morning_f": 47,
   "afternoon_f": 48,
   "night_f": 46,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.6,
   "morning": "F. & C.",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-22",
   "morning_f": 46,
   "afternoon_f": 40,
   "night_f": 33,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.5,
   "morning": "F. & C.",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Frost.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-23",
   "morning_f": 31,
   "afternoon_f": 33,
   "night_f": 30.5,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.56,
   "morning": "Fine, sharp frost",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-24",
   "morning_f": 27.5,
   "afternoon_f": 39,
   "night_f": 34,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.71,
   "morning": "Fine, sharp frost",
   "afternoon": "Fine.",
   "night": "Foggy.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-25",
   "morning_f": 31,
   "afternoon_f": 45,
   "night_f": 46,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.75,
   "morning": "F. & C.",
   "afternoon": "Wet haze and small rain",
   "night": "Small rain.",
   "kind": "wet"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-26",
   "morning_f": 44,
   "afternoon_f": 46,
   "night_f": 36,
   "morning_bar_in": 29.7,
   "morning": "Foggy, after 11 fine",
   "afternoon": "F. & C.",
   "night": "Frosty.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-27",
   "morning_f": 39,
   "afternoon_f": 43,
   "night_f": 43,
   "morning_bar_in": 30.08,
   "morning": "Frost ended",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "F. & C.",
   "kind": "frost"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-28",
   "morning_f": null,
   "afternoon_f": 46,
   "night_f": 44,
   "morning_bar_in": null,
   "morning": "Cloudy & foggy; aft. 12 more clear",
   "afternoon": "Fine tho' cloudy",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-29",
   "morning_f": 42,
   "afternoon_f": 44,
   "night_f": 38,
   "morning_bar_in": 30.33,
   "morning": "Fine though cloudy",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Do.; fog.",
   "kind": "fair"
  },
  {
   "date": "1816-11-30",
   "morning_f": 39,
   "afternoon_f": 48,
   "night_f": 34,
   "morning_bar_in": 30.48,
   "morning": "Very fine, frosty",
   "afternoon": "Do.",
   "night": "Do.",
   "kind": "frost"
  }
 ],
 "exeter_counts": {
  "wet": 26,
  "frost": 13,
  "fair": 11,
  "days": 50,
  "note": "A day counts as wet if any of its three phrases mentions rain (or “ra.”), wet, showers, squalls, sleet, snow, hail or drops; frost if it mentions frost and not those; fair otherwise."
 },
 "transcription": {
  "read_by": "Claude (Opus 5.5), from the page images rotated upright, 2026-10-01. A research subagent read 11, 26, 28 and 30 October and 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 20, 21 and 24 November independently on 2026-09-30; every value it gives agrees.",
  "uncertain": [
   {
    "date": "1816-10-07",
    "field": "morning_f",
    "note": "first digit clear (6), second worn; read 62"
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-10-10",
    "field": "morning_bar_in",
    "note": "printed 29.36 between 29.72 and 29.90; probably 29.86; left null"
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-10-16",
    "field": "morning_bar_in/morning_f",
    "note": "worn; left null"
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-10-29",
    "field": "morning",
    "note": "begins \"Fine\", rest illegible; left null"
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-10-30",
    "field": "morning/afternoon_f",
    "note": "phrase begins \"Rain\" and ends \"aft. 1 … F. & C.\"; the 3 p.m. reading is worn; left null"
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-10-31",
    "field": "morning_bar_in/afternoon_f",
    "note": "worn; left null"
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-11-07",
    "field": "night_f",
    "note": "32 or 33; left null"
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-11-11",
    "field": "morning_f",
    "note": "worn; left null"
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-11-16",
    "field": "night_f",
    "note": "printed figure looks like 55, implausible beside 35 and 40 on a sharp-frost day; left null"
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-11-08",
    "field": "night",
    "note": "\"[showers.\" is printed a line above, beside 7 November; read here as the end of 8 November's \"Cloudy with small\""
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-11-18",
    "field": "afternoon",
    "note": "\"[showers.\" is printed beside 17 November; read here as the end of 18 November's \"Cloudy with some very sm.\""
   },
   {
    "date": "1816-11-28",
    "field": "morning",
    "note": "\"[clear.\" is printed beside 27 November; read here as the end of 28 November's \"aft. 12 more\"; the morning bar and °F are worn and left null"
   }
  ]
 },
 "witnesses": {
  "storm": {
   "text": "The artist must have painted this on the spot, during a sudden spell of stormy weather.",
   "source": "Victoria and Albert Museum, gallery label for Weymouth Bay, 330-1888"
  },
  "umbrellas": {
   "text": "walking their dogs on the beach and battling their umbrellas against the wind",
   "source": "The same label"
  },
  "winter": {
   "text": "Thick clouds scud across the bright winter sky as the Downs slope to the sandy cove and sea.",
   "source": "National Gallery, London, on Weymouth Bay: Bowleaze Cove and Jordon Hill, NG2652"
  },
  "vicarage": {
   "text": "The National Gallery’s canvas is twice the size of the millboard sketch and may have been painted back at the vicarage, about half a mile from the beach.",
   "source": "The same"
  },
  "window": {
   "text": "My house commands a singularly beautiful view, and you may study from your very window.",
   "source": "John Fisher to Constable, from Osmington, August 1816, in C. R. Leslie, Life and Letters of John Constable (1896)"
  },
  "six_weeks": {
   "text": "having returned to London yesterday with His wife after passing Six weeks with the Revd. John Fisher in Dorsetshire",
   "source": "Joseph Farington’s diary, 10 December 1816"
  },
  "snow": {
   "text": "Snow this morning in the high lands: shower, with hail: snow again at night.",
   "source": "Luke Howard, London, 7 November 1816, The Climate of London (1833), vol. 2"
  },
  "cumulostrati": {
   "text": "Fair at 2 p. m.: Cumulostrati formed rapidly, and passed off at a great elevation, the wind veering S.",
   "source": "Luke Howard, London, 20 November 1816, the same volume"
  },
  "shore": {
   "text": "Osmington Shore, near Weymouth",
   "source": "Leslie on Constable’s two pictures at the British Institution in 1819; the National Gallery takes it to be the larger Louvre version"
  }
 },
 "receipts": {
  "vam": {
   "title": "Victoria and Albert Museum, John Constable, Weymouth Bay, 330-1888 (collection API record)",
   "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O17379/weymouth-bay-oil-painting-constable-john-ra/",
   "sha256": "ee0a9f7cf3cb019ef80e1bc9d1c9febb0923b89adc0ad19960f349a25d8dac4d",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Museum text; quoted briefly"
  },
  "ng": {
   "title": "National Gallery, London, John Constable, Weymouth Bay: Bowleaze Cove and Jordon Hill, NG2652",
   "url": "https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/john-constable-weymouth-bay-bowleaze-cove-and-jordon-hill",
   "sha256": "a5d83de794afc8fe12ef279e3d131bf9efa15b17350fc7be1a15d90685296d93",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Museum text; quoted briefly"
  },
  "dating-reynolds": {
   "title": "Graham Reynolds, The Later Paintings and Drawings of John Constable (1984), catalogue raisonné, no. 19.10",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/laterpaintingsdr0001unse",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-05",
   "note": "Entry not read: restricted access. The reported 1819 date is unverified here. Constable’s Clouds (2000), p. 46, cites RL19.10 and reports Reynolds’s studio interpretation."
  },
  "dating-tate": {
   "title": "Leslie Parris and Ian Fleming-Williams, Constable (Tate Gallery, 1991), no. 85, pp. 173–174",
   "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=Rjk4AQAAIAAJ&q=Weymouth",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-05",
   "note": "Google Books snippets: 1816 heading on p. 173; part of the canvas comparison on p. 174. Full argument not read. Bibliographic records identify 1991, not the proposed 1990 date. The from-nature interpretation is also reported in Constable’s Clouds, p. 46."
  },
  "dating-thornes": {
   "title": "John E. Thornes, John Constable’s Skies: A Fusion of Art and Science (1999), pp. 106–109, plate 28",
   "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=gbElMV-jhzQC&q=Weymouth",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-05",
   "note": "Google Books snippets, not full pages: 1816 caption; steep cumulus streets; J. B. Tyldesley’s 4 August 1966 observation, quoted by Thornes; coastal explanation and qualified defence of the perspective. Tyldesley’s original 1968 article was not read."
  },
  "dating-clouds": {
   "title": "Edward Morris (ed.), Constable’s Clouds (Edinburgh/Liverpool, 2000), no. 26, p. 46; catalogue by Timothy Wilcox",
   "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=55HqAAAAMAAJ&q=Weymouth",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-05",
   "note": "Google Books snippets: c.1816–19 heading, Tate and Reynolds interpretations, and the problem of cloud perspective. Foreword p. 7 identifies Wilcox as catalogue author. The complete entry was not read; a later composite is an inference, not a verified Wilcox dating."
  },
  "image-vam": {
   "title": "Wikimedia Commons, Weymouth Bay (1816), Victoria and Albert Museum, from the museum’s online collection",
   "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Constable_-_Weymouth_Bay_(1816)_-_Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum.jpg",
   "sha256": "09641ab2041886c607e7c5f92b1c386c3763bed3383e50081d2a8d72c0301e32",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-01",
   "license": "Public domain (PD-Art)"
  },
  "image-ng": {
   "title": "Wikimedia Commons, Weymouth Bay, c. 1816 (National Gallery, NG2652), The Yorck Project",
   "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Constable_-_Weymouth_Bay,_c._1816.jpg",
   "sha256": "4178ca05e9df8a2527ad88f4f5c739c982e2818d83fc13716074ae8cdf127791",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Public domain (PD-Art)"
  },
  "exeter-oct": {
   "title": "Meteorological Diary kept at Exeter, October 1816, The Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. 86 pt 2, p. [482] (page image)",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.14207",
   "sha256": "41a2a00222eba85c40d3a8a88cdfe92b9b5c5abefdcf630c5a10b77f00ea83c0",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Public domain; Internet Archive",
   "note": "Transcribed by Nephos into window-engine/evidence/weymouth/exeter-1816.json with the November page."
  },
  "exeter-nov": {
   "title": "The same diary, November 1816, p. [638]",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.14207",
   "sha256": "b28002aad6cc7d41bf2159109374eca950542181f8b919e7a2e08b077104037a",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Public domain; Internet Archive"
  },
  "cet-daily": {
   "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre, Central England Temperature, daily mean, 1772 to date",
   "url": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/meantemp_daily_totals.txt",
   "sha256": "c6948508f8d4b1cff2b302c83d6506244c804abc2d088a743ef8ab6c630184cc",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Open Government Licence"
  },
  "cet-monthly": {
   "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre, Central England Temperature, monthly mean, 1659 to date",
   "url": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/meantemp_monthly_totals.txt",
   "sha256": "c17868e014c4cfcc284a41149e6217b1dec976d7fa22fa91ed515e675eac3304",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Open Government Licence"
  },
  "ewp": {
   "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre, England and Wales precipitation, monthly, 1766 to date",
   "url": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadukp/data/monthly/HadEWP_monthly_totals.txt",
   "sha256": "202d0ba7360429539a0d3dd458b1c9b712d9b4dd8c386131d5d098740bb99739",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Open Government Licence"
  },
  "howard": {
   "title": "Luke Howard, The Climate of London, 2nd edition (1833), vol. 2, full text",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/b29350529_0002",
   "sha256": "7597c605e699090341911a6cc3e4c2bbcd8fb2d37cde273f4804f51ec045b431",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Public domain; Internet Archive"
  },
  "farington": {
   "title": "The Farington Diary, ed. J. Greig, vol. VIII, full text",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/faringtondiaryby82fari",
   "sha256": "625e87975334f7de914a44edfdeea2224867bc04bcce5528641bc2bb45de10e5",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Public domain text; Internet Archive"
  },
  "leslie": {
   "title": "C. R. Leslie, Life and Letters of John Constable (1896), full text",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/lifelettersofjoh00lesluoft",
   "sha256": "ca8addd9f3b61b666e1dcbef26f54545ffe8ce2151e6c77d8f2fe575700ad3ec",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Public domain; Internet Archive"
  },
  "vam-netley": {
   "title": "V&A 823-1888, Netley Abbey: the east window, dated 11/10/1816",
   "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O125888/",
   "sha256": "bc74406ed7ed2bedd942924fd9d505e9ae5fb79b7320f1bce0bab70473ae9d1b",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Museum record"
  },
  "vam-osmington": {
   "title": "V&A 311-1888, Osmington Bay, inscribed “Novr. 7. 1816--Osmington Bay”",
   "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1041859/",
   "sha256": "9cc9311e4ceb87ff59aa00f860a884278b859d2382490d1feec2285a35b2a93a",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Museum record"
  },
  "vam-portland": {
   "title": "V&A 628-1888, Portland Island from Chesil Bank, inscribed “Portland Island Novr. 20. 1816.”",
   "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1041813/",
   "sha256": "1c871ad579fad6262e843aca3c2a9ea83d2ad4fbd9ed3482378fb858f8d49b3c",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Museum record"
  },
  "vam-preston": {
   "title": "V&A 303-1888, Preston Church near Weymouth, inscribed “21st. Novr. 1816.”",
   "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1041862/",
   "sha256": "07e8fb043f83c467d7c8a0dd3f4bb60323d8f569526185d5e23ded43cd588bbe",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "Museum record"
  },
  "osm-bowleaze": {
   "title": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim: Bowleaze Cove, Weymouth",
   "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Bowleaze+Cove%2C+Weymouth&format=json&limit=1",
   "sha256": "72c7747512382ecbbba86bfb36513095aeb3a27bbf996a55addcc3014f236d0c",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "ODbL 1.0, © OpenStreetMap contributors"
  },
  "osm-london": {
   "title": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim: Bruce Castle, Tottenham",
   "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Bruce+Castle%2C+Tottenham&format=json&limit=1",
   "sha256": "6d6f9dc6bb66838737d3d0a95352246d4a1235b1974c864acfded5ad7c8596b9",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "ODbL 1.0, © OpenStreetMap contributors"
  },
  "osm-exeter": {
   "title": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim: Exeter Cathedral",
   "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Exeter+Cathedral&format=json&limit=1",
   "sha256": "88e6c53897f1e48cc080e2f81b7951d459c751506f0becb65b9c81747a44d18e",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-30",
   "license": "ODbL 1.0, © OpenStreetMap contributors"
  }
 }
}