{
 "slug": "cole-kaaterskill-falls-1826",
 "window": {
  "start": "1826-05-06",
  "end": "1826-07-06",
  "days": 62,
  "basis": "Approximate reading of Cole’s “for the last month or two” in his 6 July letter; includes Lake George and the Catskills, not continuous residence at the falls."
 },
 "falls": {
  "lat": 42.1932922,
  "lon": -74.0633653,
  "source": "OpenStreetMap waterfall node 2529994212"
 },
 "station": {
  "name": "Watervliet Arsenal",
  "id": "MRCC FORTS 305259",
  "lat": 42.71944,
  "lon": -73.7075,
  "km_to_falls": 65.4,
  "schedule": "07, 14 and 21 local hours"
 },
 "rainfall": {
  "station": "Albany Academy, Hudson valley",
  "observer": "T. Romeyn Beck",
  "location_reference": {
   "lat": 42.65306,
   "lon": -73.75528,
   "estimated": true,
   "segment_start": "1827-01",
   "km_to_falls": 57.0,
   "note": "MRCC’s estimated academy location for 1827; not a verified 1826 gauge position."
  },
  "scope": "Whole calendar months; May includes 1–5 May outside the visit envelope. June is wholly inside it. No daily rain dates or 1–6 July total established.",
  "may": {
   "inches": 0.76,
   "driest_rank": 1,
   "wettest_rank": 24,
   "tied": 1,
   "of": 24,
   "years": "1826–1849",
   "mean_in": 4.0
  },
  "june": {
   "inches": 6.22,
   "driest_rank": 21,
   "wettest_rank": 4,
   "tied": 1,
   "of": 24,
   "years": "1826–1849",
   "mean_in": 4.51
  },
  "series": [
   {
    "year": 1826,
    "may_in": 0.76,
    "june_in": 6.22
   },
   {
    "year": 1827,
    "may_in": 3.43,
    "june_in": 3.75
   },
   {
    "year": 1828,
    "may_in": 4.48,
    "june_in": 2.87
   },
   {
    "year": 1829,
    "may_in": 2.68,
    "june_in": 3.9
   },
   {
    "year": 1830,
    "may_in": 4.63,
    "june_in": 7.58
   },
   {
    "year": 1831,
    "may_in": 2.88,
    "june_in": 4.04
   },
   {
    "year": 1832,
    "may_in": 2.69,
    "june_in": 3.57
   },
   {
    "year": 1833,
    "may_in": 8.47,
    "june_in": 2.36
   },
   {
    "year": 1834,
    "may_in": 3.7,
    "june_in": 2.32
   },
   {
    "year": 1835,
    "may_in": 2.7,
    "june_in": 6.48
   },
   {
    "year": 1836,
    "may_in": 3.86,
    "june_in": 5.67
   },
   {
    "year": 1837,
    "may_in": 7.34,
    "june_in": 5.06
   },
   {
    "year": 1838,
    "may_in": 7.45,
    "june_in": 7.6
   },
   {
    "year": 1839,
    "may_in": 3.83,
    "june_in": 5.12
   },
   {
    "year": 1840,
    "may_in": 2.28,
    "june_in": 3.47
   },
   {
    "year": 1841,
    "may_in": 2.24,
    "june_in": 2.1
   },
   {
    "year": 1842,
    "may_in": 1.44,
    "june_in": 4.44
   },
   {
    "year": 1843,
    "may_in": 2.07,
    "june_in": 5.54
   },
   {
    "year": 1844,
    "may_in": 5.94,
    "june_in": 4.6
   },
   {
    "year": 1845,
    "may_in": 3.92,
    "june_in": 3.42
   },
   {
    "year": 1846,
    "may_in": 3.45,
    "june_in": 3.84
   },
   {
    "year": 1847,
    "may_in": 2.25,
    "june_in": 5.06
   },
   {
    "year": 1848,
    "may_in": 8.11,
    "june_in": 4.72
   },
   {
    "year": 1849,
    "may_in": 5.4,
    "june_in": 4.45
   }
  ],
  "limit": "Published historical table, not a homogenized modern series; gauge practice changed during the comparison period. No catchment rainfall or falls discharge established."
 },
 "temperature": {
  "mean_f": 69.5,
  "days": 62,
  "readings": 186,
  "warmest_rank": 2,
  "tied": 1,
  "of": 12,
  "years": [
   1826,
   1827,
   1828,
   1830,
   1831,
   1833,
   1835,
   1836,
   1837,
   1838,
   1839,
   1840
  ],
  "excluded": [
   {
    "year": 1829,
    "reason": "missing_or_flagged_fixed_hour_reading"
   },
   {
    "year": 1832,
    "reason": "missing_or_flagged_fixed_hour_reading"
   },
   {
    "year": 1834,
    "reason": "missing_or_flagged_fixed_hour_reading"
   }
  ],
  "note": "Arithmetic mean of all 07/14/21 h readings, 6 May–6 July inclusive; rank unrounded means; complete unflagged windows only, 1826–1840. No comparison with modern daily high/low means."
 },
 "temperature_comparisons": [
  {
   "year": 1826,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 69.51612903225806
  },
  {
   "year": 1827,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 67.12903225806451
  },
  {
   "year": 1828,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 70.00537634408602
  },
  {
   "year": 1830,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 62.274193548387096
  },
  {
   "year": 1831,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 69.25268817204301
  },
  {
   "year": 1833,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 59.575268817204304
  },
  {
   "year": 1835,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 64.51075268817205
  },
  {
   "year": 1836,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 63.68817204301075
  },
  {
   "year": 1837,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 63.053763440860216
  },
  {
   "year": 1838,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 66.31182795698925
  },
  {
   "year": 1839,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 62.45161290322581
  },
  {
   "year": 1840,
   "days": 62,
   "readings": 186,
   "mean_f": 65.05376344086021
  }
 ],
 "series": [
  {
   "date": "1826-05-06",
   "t07_f": 51.0,
   "t14_f": 70.0,
   "t21_f": 53.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-07",
   "t07_f": 52.0,
   "t14_f": 64.0,
   "t21_f": 55.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-08",
   "t07_f": 50.0,
   "t14_f": 63.0,
   "t21_f": 54.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-09",
   "t07_f": 51.0,
   "t14_f": 65.0,
   "t21_f": 59.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-10",
   "t07_f": 50.0,
   "t14_f": 74.0,
   "t21_f": 58.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-11",
   "t07_f": 51.0,
   "t14_f": 78.0,
   "t21_f": 58.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-12",
   "t07_f": 51.0,
   "t14_f": 84.0,
   "t21_f": 64.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-13",
   "t07_f": 62.0,
   "t14_f": 87.0,
   "t21_f": 70.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-14",
   "t07_f": 64.0,
   "t14_f": 86.0,
   "t21_f": 71.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-15",
   "t07_f": 69.0,
   "t14_f": 93.0,
   "t21_f": 74.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-16",
   "t07_f": 71.0,
   "t14_f": 94.0,
   "t21_f": 74.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-17",
   "t07_f": 72.0,
   "t14_f": 92.0,
   "t21_f": 64.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-18",
   "t07_f": 59.0,
   "t14_f": 80.0,
   "t21_f": 61.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-19",
   "t07_f": 53.0,
   "t14_f": 74.0,
   "t21_f": 64.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-20",
   "t07_f": 58.0,
   "t14_f": 84.0,
   "t21_f": 65.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-21",
   "t07_f": 61.0,
   "t14_f": 85.0,
   "t21_f": 72.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-22",
   "t07_f": 66.0,
   "t14_f": 83.0,
   "t21_f": 72.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-23",
   "t07_f": 64.0,
   "t14_f": 82.0,
   "t21_f": 71.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-24",
   "t07_f": 65.0,
   "t14_f": 81.0,
   "t21_f": 68.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-25",
   "t07_f": 57.0,
   "t14_f": 78.0,
   "t21_f": 66.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-26",
   "t07_f": 57.0,
   "t14_f": 78.0,
   "t21_f": 71.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-27",
   "t07_f": 66.0,
   "t14_f": 86.0,
   "t21_f": 69.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-28",
   "t07_f": 70.0,
   "t14_f": 71.0,
   "t21_f": 63.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-29",
   "t07_f": 54.0,
   "t14_f": 67.0,
   "t21_f": 51.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-30",
   "t07_f": 53.0,
   "t14_f": 66.0,
   "t21_f": 59.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-05-31",
   "t07_f": 54.0,
   "t14_f": 75.0,
   "t21_f": 69.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-01",
   "t07_f": 66.0,
   "t14_f": 79.0,
   "t21_f": 69.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-02",
   "t07_f": 66.0,
   "t14_f": 78.0,
   "t21_f": 72.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-03",
   "t07_f": 71.0,
   "t14_f": 80.0,
   "t21_f": 73.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-04",
   "t07_f": 74.0,
   "t14_f": 84.0,
   "t21_f": 74.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-05",
   "t07_f": 63.0,
   "t14_f": 69.0,
   "t21_f": 63.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-06",
   "t07_f": 58.0,
   "t14_f": 64.0,
   "t21_f": 62.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-07",
   "t07_f": 66.0,
   "t14_f": 77.0,
   "t21_f": 70.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-08",
   "t07_f": 70.0,
   "t14_f": 84.0,
   "t21_f": 77.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-09",
   "t07_f": 71.0,
   "t14_f": 87.0,
   "t21_f": 69.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-10",
   "t07_f": 69.0,
   "t14_f": 86.0,
   "t21_f": 77.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-11",
   "t07_f": 74.0,
   "t14_f": 85.0,
   "t21_f": 71.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-12",
   "t07_f": 61.0,
   "t14_f": 77.0,
   "t21_f": 68.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-13",
   "t07_f": 63.0,
   "t14_f": 77.0,
   "t21_f": 66.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-14",
   "t07_f": 62.0,
   "t14_f": 78.0,
   "t21_f": 71.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-15",
   "t07_f": 66.0,
   "t14_f": 79.0,
   "t21_f": 70.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-16",
   "t07_f": 62.0,
   "t14_f": 71.0,
   "t21_f": 60.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-17",
   "t07_f": 61.0,
   "t14_f": 75.0,
   "t21_f": 67.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-18",
   "t07_f": 63.0,
   "t14_f": 77.0,
   "t21_f": 67.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-19",
   "t07_f": 70.0,
   "t14_f": 73.0,
   "t21_f": 69.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-20",
   "t07_f": 64.0,
   "t14_f": 72.0,
   "t21_f": 63.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-21",
   "t07_f": 64.0,
   "t14_f": 66.0,
   "t21_f": 62.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-22",
   "t07_f": 65.0,
   "t14_f": 72.0,
   "t21_f": 65.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-23",
   "t07_f": 62.0,
   "t14_f": 81.0,
   "t21_f": 65.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-24",
   "t07_f": 64.0,
   "t14_f": 79.0,
   "t21_f": 69.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-25",
   "t07_f": 71.0,
   "t14_f": 84.0,
   "t21_f": 72.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-26",
   "t07_f": 72.0,
   "t14_f": 69.0,
   "t21_f": 68.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-27",
   "t07_f": 64.0,
   "t14_f": 77.0,
   "t21_f": 65.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-28",
   "t07_f": 65.0,
   "t14_f": 80.0,
   "t21_f": 73.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-29",
   "t07_f": 72.0,
   "t14_f": 73.0,
   "t21_f": 73.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-06-30",
   "t07_f": 70.0,
   "t14_f": 84.0,
   "t21_f": 73.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-07-01",
   "t07_f": 66.0,
   "t14_f": 81.0,
   "t21_f": 73.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-07-02",
   "t07_f": 69.0,
   "t14_f": 71.0,
   "t21_f": 64.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-07-03",
   "t07_f": 65.0,
   "t14_f": 83.0,
   "t21_f": 71.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-07-04",
   "t07_f": 67.0,
   "t14_f": 80.0,
   "t21_f": 70.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-07-05",
   "t07_f": 70.0,
   "t14_f": 86.0,
   "t21_f": 72.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  },
  {
   "date": "1826-07-06",
   "t07_f": 69.0,
   "t14_f": 85.0,
   "t21_f": 73.0,
   "rain_in": null,
   "rain_reason": "not_recorded"
  }
 ],
 "witnesses": {
  "july": {
   "text": "for the last month or two",
   "date": "1826-07-06",
   "source": "Cole to Daniel Wadsworth, 6 July 1826, transcribed in Shannon Vittoria’s chronology, Thomas Cole’s Journey (Met, 2018), p. 248; note 7 cites Watkinson and McNulty, p. 1."
  },
  "november": {
   "text": "I cannot paint a view twice and do justice to it.",
   "date": "1826-11-20",
   "source": "Cole to Daniel Wadsworth, 20 November 1826, quoted by Michael Gaudio, Art History 33:3 (2010), p. 451 and note 8, p. 464 (McNulty, p. 4)."
  },
  "autumn": {
   "text": "earliest liberty in the autumn ensuing.",
   "source": "L. L. Noble, The Course of Empire, Voyage of Life and Other Pictures of Thomas Cole (1853), p. 56."
  },
  "summer": {
   "text": "Summer 1825",
   "source": "Shannon Vittoria, chronology, Thomas Cole’s Journey (Met, 2018), p. 247."
  }
 },
 "unresolved": {
  "painted_day": null,
  "painted_day_reason": "studio_picture_no_documented_day",
  "falls_flow": null,
  "falls_flow_reason": "no_verified_local_discharge_record",
  "exact_window_rain_in": null,
  "exact_window_rain_reason": "calendar_month_totals_only",
  "greenville": {
   "source": "hough-n190.jpg, printed p. 166",
   "may_gage_verbatim": "48,57",
   "june_gage_verbatim": "44,93",
   "may_rain_days": null,
   "may_rain_days_reason": "blank_cell_not_zero",
   "june_rain_days_verbatim": "1,5",
   "rain_in": null,
   "reason": "unresolved_gage_scale_or_printing_error; fractional rain-day convention not comparable; one year only"
  }
 },
 "receipts": {
  "albany-meta": {
   "title": "MRCC, Albany Academy station metadata",
   "url": "https://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/FORTS/Data/DAILYBYSTATE/NY_Albany.metadata.csv",
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   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "NOAA/CDMP historical federal observations; MRCC asks for credit",
   "locator": "Estimated academy location for the segment beginning January 1827; location context only"
  },
  "rain-may": {
   "title": "Hough (1855), Albany Academy, May 1826–1849",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/cu31924000010268/page/n29_w2000.jpg",
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   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Public domain: Hough 1855; Cornell/Internet Archive scan",
   "locator": "p. 5"
  },
  "rain-june": {
   "title": "Hough (1855), Albany Academy, June 1826–1849",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/cu31924000010268/page/n30_w2000.jpg",
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   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Public domain: Hough 1855; Cornell/Internet Archive scan",
   "locator": "p. 6"
  },
  "rain-station": {
   "title": "Hough (1855), Albany Academy observers and location",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/cu31924000010268/page/n27_w2000.jpg",
   "sha256": "7fc50410e07c0ec1eab2caa53526b41c6a7a6f2a84084011f7094ab1b960f01a",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Public domain: Hough 1855; Cornell/Internet Archive scan",
   "locator": "p. 3"
  },
  "hough": {
   "title": "Hough (1855), Results of a Series of Meteorological Observations",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/cu31924000010268/cu31924000010268_djvu.txt",
   "sha256": "38fad66f1cf5d2adec33143291036295b11bd6279b0b553545cfc32d9b38f03a",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Public domain, 1855; Cornell/Internet Archive scan with no known US copyright restrictions",
   "locator": "Introduction pp. v–vi; Greenville p. 166"
  },
  "rain-transcription": {
   "title": "Nephos transcription of Albany rainfall, read from Hough’s scans",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/cu31924000010268/page/n29/",
   "sha256": "ba14ce45a2de6a4220b49488edde77bc7962cdbc0f63e2044266ad06d22428dc",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Nephos transcription of public-domain numerical tables",
   "locator": "May and June, all 24 rows; decimal commas converted to points"
  },
  "met": {
   "title": "Shannon Vittoria, chronology in Thomas Cole’s Journey (Met, 2018)",
   "url": "https://cdn.sanity.io/files/cctd4ker/production/be901737ad5f92e33d91db53c6dd8ce6ed47ff27.pdf",
   "sha256": "5e436228922d2f1c1a0fb4412a2cdc495a045abb753620027630da8b3c8eb989",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Copyright 2018 Metropolitan Museum of Art; publisher provides free PDF for research; no republication licence",
   "locator": "pp. 247–248, fig. 146; p. 274 note 7"
  },
  "met-text": {
   "title": "Text extraction of the Met catalogue",
   "url": "https://cdn.sanity.io/files/cctd4ker/production/be901737ad5f92e33d91db53c6dd8ce6ed47ff27.pdf",
   "sha256": "85225d1f8cb5aa9323429df2034c90113bd6cc2a8437075881168356610f7402",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Copyright 2018 Metropolitan Museum of Art; publisher provides free PDF for research; no republication licence",
   "locator": "Same PDF, PyMuPDF extraction"
  },
  "gaudio": {
   "title": "Michael Gaudio, At the Mouth of the Cave (Art History 33:3, 2010)",
   "url": "https://clarkartkentico.blob.core.windows.net/clarkart-kentico-media-prod/clarkart/media/pdfs/2021/gaudiothomascoleessay.pdf",
   "sha256": "e2b1538aeec87ae777f9aafbbf6876f120bfe72de540a693143b67c64253c2ce",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Copyright 2010 Association of Art Historians; essay supplied by Clark Art Institute for research; no open licence",
   "locator": "pp. 450–452, 464 note 8"
  },
  "gaudio-text": {
   "title": "Text extraction of Gaudio’s essay",
   "url": "https://clarkartkentico.blob.core.windows.net/clarkart-kentico-media-prod/clarkart/media/pdfs/2021/gaudiothomascoleessay.pdf",
   "sha256": "e1e6e9a2d597ac775f34033d3aaf98bcc10723c85243bf261b5758f9bad2cf33",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Copyright 2010 Association of Art Historians; essay supplied by Clark Art Institute for research; no open licence",
   "locator": "Same PDF, PyMuPDF extraction"
  },
  "museum": {
   "title": "Wadsworth Atheneum, Museum on the Move teachers’ manual",
   "url": "https://www.thewadsworth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Museum-on-the-Move-Teachers-Manual-single.pdf",
   "sha256": "78ad001c88fb5374f2fffe3a2a156dfbcf9fe3911acf47fda5594975cc05f7a7",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Copyright Wadsworth Atheneum; museum provides educational PDF; research cache, no image reuse permission inferred",
   "locator": "p. 39 (PDF p. 39), 1848.15"
  },
  "cole200": {
   "title": "Thomas Cole National Historic Site, COLE 200",
   "url": "https://thomascole.org/cole200/",
   "sha256": "70a8cc607fca9afb97d02629435d78d7737cb878383e3ee64878f36d507e6229",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Copyright Thomas Cole National Historic Site; public page, research cache only",
   "locator": "Lost original and Wadsworth version"
  },
  "falls": {
   "title": "OpenStreetMap, Kaaterskill Falls",
   "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Kaaterskill+Falls&format=json&limit=1",
   "sha256": "247a25a7fa514d22c20e524d073481193498ada3ac8ab5b48c24bba0a3122444",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "ODbL 1.0; OpenStreetMap contributors",
   "locator": "Waterfall node 2529994212"
  },
  "image-rights": {
   "title": "Wikimedia Commons, Cole Thomas Kaaterskill Falls 1826",
   "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cole_Thomas_Kaaterskill_Falls_1826.jpg",
   "sha256": "6c41f31becd4d24312e441ba5f0c980702fef0d23e776dd12ff2fef057adbaf1",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Wikimedia Commons file metadata CC BY-SA; depicted work and faithful reproduction PD-Art",
   "locator": "PD-Art declaration"
  },
  "image": {
   "title": "Thomas Cole, Kaaterskill Falls (1826), Wadsworth 1848.15",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Cole_Thomas_Kaaterskill_Falls_1826.jpg",
   "sha256": "d743a2e86e85362bfddff864d4e0fa307a20748d72858f34e49040410e8cf40f",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03",
   "license": "Public domain, PD-Art faithful reproduction of Thomas Cole (died 1848), per cached Commons file page",
   "locator": "Original Commons image"
  },
  "watervliet": {
   "title": "Watervliet Arsenal daily register, NOAA/CDMP, keyed and checked by MRCC",
   "url": "https://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/FORTS/Data/DAILYBYSTATE/NY_Watervliet_Arsenal.data.csv",
   "sha256": "39dc7c82ebdd658bd601be43f125069d818b766ed0a86266f63a8c87eea3b487",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-29",
   "license": "NOAA data; credit MRCC",
   "locator": ""
  },
  "watervliet-meta": {
   "title": "Watervliet Arsenal station metadata, MRCC",
   "url": "https://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/FORTS/Data/DAILYBYSTATE/NY_Watervliet_Arsenal.metadata.csv",
   "sha256": "bef28cae431a241b63f8940e5c884b395c9ff697188bed47a500fe102418cc99",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-29",
   "license": "NOAA data; credit MRCC",
   "locator": ""
  },
  "noble": {
   "title": "L. L. Noble, The Course of Empire (1853), p. 56",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/courseofempirevo00nobl",
   "sha256": "c90e60284123221a31524a545c1db6c52677b42a018a5732496c4ed85bd3affc",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-09-29",
   "license": "Public domain historical text",
   "locator": ""
  }
 }
}