{ "slug": "biehle-wheatfield-zoar-1920", "object": { "artist": "August F. Biehle Jr.", "title": "Wheatfield in Zoar", "holder": "Canton Museum of Art", "accession": "86.18", "date": 1920, "date_basis": "Holder catalogue field; no independently verified inscription, session date or object-specific itinerary.", "source": "museum-object", "image": null, "image_reason": "no_public_domain_or_open_licence_established" }, "window": { "start": "1920-01-01", "end": "1920-12-31", "basis": "Calendar envelope of the museum catalogue year; not continuous residence or a dated outdoor session." }, "context_window": { "start": "1920-07-01", "end": "1920-07-31", "days": 31, "basis": "July harvest sequence in four contemporary USDA reports, tested against the depicted post-cutting stage. A seasonal comparison, not a dated painting session." }, "place": { "name": "Zoar", "lat": 40.6142286, "lon": -81.4223375, "exact_painting_site": null, "reason": "village_known_field_unlocated" }, "stations": { "dover": { "id": "USC00332270", "name": "DOVER", "lat": 40.5333, "lon": -81.4833, "elevation_m": 269.4, "km_to_zoar": 10.4, "coordinate_limit": "GHCN catalogue position; exact 1920 instrument site not established.", "inventory": [ { "element": "TMAX", "first_year": 1893, "last_year": 1937 }, { "element": "TMIN", "first_year": 1893, "last_year": 1937 }, { "element": "PRCP", "first_year": 1893, "last_year": 1937 } ], "coverage_1920": { "1920-01": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 10, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 21 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 1, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-02": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 12, "missing": 17, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 29, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 28, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 1, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-03": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 10, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 21 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-04": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 20, "missing": 10, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-05": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 10, "missing": 21, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-06": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 13, "missing": 17, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-07": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 14, "missing": 17, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 1, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-08": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 11, "missing": 20, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 1, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-09": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 5, "missing": 25, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-10": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 7, "missing": 24, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-11": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 12, "missing": 18, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-12": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 14, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 17 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } } }, "complete_unflagged_julys": [ 1916 ], "july_rank": null, "july_rank_reason": "target_daily_precipitation_incomplete_or_presumed_zero; no homogeneous comparison established", "modern_normal": null, "modern_normal_reason": "this_station_id_ends_before_1991" }, "dennison": { "id": "USC00332156", "name": "DENNISON WTR WKS", "lat": 40.4, "lon": -81.35, "elevation_m": 259.1, "km_to_zoar": 24.6, "coordinate_limit": "GHCN catalogue position; exact 1920 instrument site not established.", "inventory": [ { "element": "TMAX", "first_year": 1909, "last_year": 1981 }, { "element": "TMIN", "first_year": 1909, "last_year": 1981 }, { "element": "PRCP", "first_year": 1909, "last_year": 1981 } ], "coverage_1920": { "1920-01": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 16, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 15 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 1, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 1, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-02": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 13, "missing": 1, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 15 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 29, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 27, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 2, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-03": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 10, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 21 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 1, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-04": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 22, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 8 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-05": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 10, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 21 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-06": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 16, "missing": 14, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 29, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 1, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-07": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 13, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 18 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-08": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 15, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 16 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 29, "missing": 2, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 29, "missing": 2, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-09": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 7, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 23 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-10": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 7, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 24 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 29, "missing": 2, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 29, "missing": 2, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-11": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 12, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 18 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 30, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } }, "1920-12": { "PRCP": { "accepted": 16, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 15 }, "TMAX": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 }, "TMIN": { "accepted": 31, "missing": 0, "quality_rejected": 0, "presumed_zero": 0 } } }, "complete_unflagged_julys": [ 1914, 1915, 1926, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1980, 1981 ], "july_rank": null, "july_rank_reason": "target_daily_precipitation_incomplete_or_presumed_zero; no homogeneous comparison established", "modern_normal": null, "modern_normal_reason": "this_station_id_ends_before_1991" } }, "visual_reading": { "attribution": "Nephos’s reading of the picture, not a museum statement", "text": "Wheat cut and stood in shocks across a stubble field, fully leafed trees, a house and red roofs behind, a fair-looking sky: the days just after the wheat harvest, when shocks stood drying in the field.", "reasons": [ "The golden stalks are gathered into separate upright bundles across a low, cut field.", "The trees carry dense foliage; the house and red roofs rise behind them.", "The small visible sky is pale and open; the field is lit. No falling rain is depicted." ], "limit": "A reading of the depicted stage of work, not a count of days since cutting or a dated painting session.", "source": "museum-image" }, "harvest_reports": [ { "source": "crop-6", "text_source": "crop-6-text", "publication_date": "1920-07-10", "period_end": "1920-07-06", "page": 206, "pdf_page": 92, "quote": "Harvest progressed northward during the week to the southern portions of Nebraska and Iowa and central Ohio.", "scope": "central Ohio within a national summary", "chart_lines": [ "Harvest reaches", "central Ohio" ], "pdf_sha256": "95f2b099bd88b0aac7bff99f6ea956a361910a719501051279ea9d206f7142a1", "quote_span_normalized": [ 4005, 4113 ], "period_start": "1920-06-30" }, { "source": "crop", "text_source": "crop-text", "publication_date": "1920-07-17", "period_end": "1920-07-13", "page": 309, "pdf_page": 89, "quote": "considerable interruption by rain in some Eastern sections, especially in Ohio and West Virginia.", "scope": "Ohio and West Virginia", "chart_lines": [ "Rain interrupts", "Ohio harvest" ], "pdf_sha256": "d4e8517af989320756b00b582fd982d980f512c31700188f3021a731ac3e3fc5", "quote_span_normalized": [ 1057927, 1058024 ], "period_start": "1920-07-07" }, { "source": "crop-20", "text_source": "crop-20-text", "publication_date": "1920-07-24", "period_end": "1920-07-20", "page": 407, "pdf_page": 89, "quote": "Frequent rains delayed harvesting and threshing in the northern and upper Ohio Valley and Central Atlantic coast districts.", "scope": "northern and upper Ohio Valley and Central Atlantic coast districts", "chart_lines": [ "Rain delays work", "upper Ohio Valley" ], "pdf_sha256": "aae4352bc76353a04d8b13bfd63d93c1232682b2a37e2f748c63a59b70f9f7ec", "quote_span_normalized": [ 4657, 4780 ], "period_start": "1920-07-14" }, { "source": "crop-27", "text_source": "crop-27-text", "publication_date": "1920-07-31", "period_end": "1920-07-27", "page": 512, "pdf_page": 96, "quote": "The harvesting of winter wheat is nearing completion in central and eastern parts of the belt", "scope": "central and eastern winter-wheat belt", "chart_lines": [ "Harvest nearing end", "central/eastern belt" ], "pdf_sha256": "25a5f1a2bf2bd89474464256ba3cb41d63de92436165c5ec97fdfcff70d25fc6", "quote_span_normalized": [ 9963, 10056 ], "period_start": "1920-07-21" } ], "harvest_test": { "question": "Did the reported Ohio wheat-harvest period offer an uninterrupted rain-free drying spell?", "start": "1920-07-07", "end": "1920-07-20", "selection": "The two consecutive reporting weeks after harvesting reached central Ohio by 6 July; selected from the reports before looking for a best-matching day.", "limit": "Dover morning readings test repeated regional wetting, not actual moisture in the painted shocks or weather at the field.", "days": 14, "measurable_days": 8, "amount_in": 2.97, "no_amount_printed_days": 6, "trace_days": 0, "measured_dry_days": null, "dry_days_reason": "blank_cells_are_not_measured_zeros", "result": "Repeated measurable rain at Dover during the reported regional harvest; uninterrupted regional drying is not supported.", "amount_mm": 75.4, "share_of_published_july_total_pct": 65.4 }, "modern_reference": { "station_id": "USC00335894", "name": "NEW PHILADELPHIA, OH US", "lat": 40.4878, "lon": -81.4317, "km_to_zoar": 14.1, "period": "1991–2020", "month": 7, "total_in": 3.9, "total_mm": 99.1, "source": "normals", "completeness_flag": "R", "years": 13, "limit": "NOAA representative normal: missing months estimated from surrounding stations. Separate site and period, not a homogeneous trend or a spliced Dover series." }, "modern_crop": { "source": "modern-crop", "publication_date": "2020-07-06", "period_end": "2020-07-05", "scope": "Ohio statewide", "baseline_start": 2015, "baseline_end": 2019, "locator": "p. 1, second paragraph and Winter Wheat Harvested table row", "harvested_pct": 51, "five_year_average_pct": 41, "verbatim": "Winter wheat harvested was at 51 percent, ahead of the five-year average by 10 percentage points", "quote_span_normalized": [ 959, 1055 ] }, "rainfall": { "station": "Dover", "observer": "George E. Fertig", "printed_total_in": 4.54, "total_mm": 115.3, "measurable_days": 13, "threshold_in": 0.01, "numeric_cell_sum_in": 4.54, "trace_days": 1, "no_amount_printed_days": 17, "clear_days": 19, "partly_cloudy_days": 0, "cloudy_days": 12, "rain_day_and_sky_category_overlap": "Unknown daily intersections; sky classes and rain days must not be added.", "measurement_period": "Precipitation measured in the morning; amount then recorded is for the preceding 24 hours.", "series": [ { "date": "1920-07-01", "printed_cell": ".23", "rain_in": 0.23, "rain_mm": 5.84, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 261, "value": 26.1, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 133, "value": 13.3, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 58, "value": 5.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-02", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 278, "value": 27.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 144, "value": 14.4, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-03", "printed_cell": ".83", "rain_in": 0.83, "rain_mm": 21.08, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 239, "value": 23.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 172, "value": 17.2, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 211, "value": 21.1, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-04", "printed_cell": ".30", "rain_in": 0.3, "rain_mm": 7.62, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 272, "value": 27.2, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 139, "value": 13.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 76, "value": 7.6, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-05", "printed_cell": "T", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "trace_below_0_01_in", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 178, "value": 17.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 89, "value": 8.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 0, "value": 0.0, "reason": null, "mflag": "T", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-06", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 233, "value": 23.3, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 144, "value": 14.4, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-07", "printed_cell": "1.05", "rain_in": 1.05, "rain_mm": 26.67, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 256, "value": 25.6, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 189, "value": 18.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 267, "value": 26.7, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-08", "printed_cell": ".07", "rain_in": 0.07, "rain_mm": 1.78, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 261, "value": 26.1, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 144, "value": 14.4, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 18, "value": 1.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-09", "printed_cell": ".55", "rain_in": 0.55, "rain_mm": 13.97, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 239, "value": 23.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 133, "value": 13.3, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 140, "value": 14.0, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-10", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 222, "value": 22.2, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 128, "value": 12.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-11", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 244, "value": 24.4, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 133, "value": 13.3, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-12", "printed_cell": ".40", "rain_in": 0.4, "rain_mm": 10.16, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 211, "value": 21.1, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 167, "value": 16.7, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 102, "value": 10.2, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-13", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 267, "value": 26.7, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 167, "value": 16.7, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-14", "printed_cell": ".30", "rain_in": 0.3, "rain_mm": 7.62, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 289, "value": 28.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 194, "value": 19.4, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 76, "value": 7.6, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-15", "printed_cell": ".22", "rain_in": 0.22, "rain_mm": 5.59, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 267, "value": 26.7, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 194, "value": null, "reason": "failed_quality_check", "mflag": " ", "qflag": "I", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 56, "value": 5.6, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-16", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 250, "value": 25.0, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 139, "value": 13.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-17", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 267, "value": 26.7, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 144, "value": 14.4, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-18", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 278, "value": 27.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 178, "value": 17.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-19", "printed_cell": ".35", "rain_in": 0.35, "rain_mm": 8.89, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 239, "value": 23.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 111, "value": 11.1, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 89, "value": 8.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-20", "printed_cell": ".03", "rain_in": 0.03, "rain_mm": 0.76, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 206, "value": 20.6, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 111, "value": 11.1, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 8, "value": 0.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-21", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 239, "value": 23.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 128, "value": 12.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-22", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 267, "value": 26.7, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 133, "value": 13.3, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-23", "printed_cell": ".20", "rain_in": 0.2, "rain_mm": 5.08, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 283, "value": 28.3, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 167, "value": 16.7, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 51, "value": 5.1, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-24", "printed_cell": ".01", "rain_in": 0.01, "rain_mm": 0.25, "reason": null, "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 300, "value": 30.0, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 189, "value": 18.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": 3, "value": 0.3, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" } } }, { "date": "1920-07-25", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 289, "value": 28.9, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 133, "value": 13.3, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-26", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 250, "value": 25.0, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 94, "value": 9.4, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-27", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 211, "value": 21.1, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 78, "value": 7.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-28", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 228, "value": 22.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 106, "value": 10.6, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-29", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 256, "value": 25.6, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 117, "value": 11.7, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-30", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 278, "value": 27.8, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 133, "value": 13.3, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } }, { "date": "1920-07-31", "printed_cell": "dots", "rain_in": null, "rain_mm": null, "reason": "no_amount_printed", "ghcn": { "TMAX": { "raw_value": 306, "value": 30.6, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "TMIN": { "raw_value": 172, "value": 17.2, "reason": null, "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": "6" }, "PRCP": { "raw_value": -9999, "value": null, "reason": "missing_value", "mflag": " ", "qflag": " ", "sflag": " " } } } ] }, "witnesses": { "museum_style": { "text": "rich, evocative colors and expressive shapes.", "source": "museum-bio" }, "crop": { "text": "considerable interruption by rain in some Eastern sections, especially in Ohio and West Virginia.", "source": "crop", "publication_date": "1920-07-17", "observation_period_end": "1920-07-13", "scope": "Ohio and West Virginia, reprinted government summary; not an eyewitness at Zoar" } }, "unresolved": { "painted_day": null, "painted_day_reason": "no_object_specific_dated_session", "painted_month": null, "painted_month_reason": "harvest_report_does_not_date_artwork", "on_site_or_studio": null, "on_site_or_studio_reason": "general_outdoor_practice_not_object_specific_evidence", "changed_weather": null, "changed_weather_reason": "no_dated_preparatory_state_or_local_weather_match", "temperature_comparison": null, "temperature_comparison_reason": "The printed daily maximum row is charged to the preceding day for morning stations; GHCN retains a different day alignment. Printed monthly daily-row means also need reconciliation. No daily temperature comparison or temperature rank is published." }, "receipts": { "museum-object": { "title": "Canton Museum of Art, Wheatfield in Zoar, accession 86.18", "url": "https://www.cantonartcollection.com/itemdetail.php?work_id=1816", "sha256": "f05c24add3165c9d512c1b76d4e7b8a29c17e7cc0141d82b7e70c5d89e6991f1", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Museum text; brief quotation and research cache only", "locator": "Object fields" }, "museum-bio": { "title": "Canton Museum of Art, August F. Biehle Jr. biography", "url": "https://www.cantonartcollection.com/artistbio.php?artist_id=152", "sha256": "9a937c0d94e42dd54c84e832c87fca290ff4b55e8e58e6cf1798411ddfc6d0f2", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Museum text; brief quotation and research cache only", "locator": "Design, colour and outdoor work at Berlin Heights" }, "museum-rights": { "title": "Canton Museum of Art, Rights and Reproductions", "url": "https://www.cantonartcollection.com/rights.php", "sha256": "4928ad193394f780806c74801186801280e4ea5310689f037183b0f3feffec11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Museum policy text; research cache only", "locator": "Publication permission required; no open image licence established" }, "museum-magazine": { "title": "Canton Museum of Art, Winter 2024–25 magazine", "url": "https://www.cantonart.org/sites/default/files/2024_2025_Winter_CMA_Magazine.pdf", "sha256": "4b81f835e070c63214ae00151b45ffcde3ada2a98b3180f9503c0f65ccaadef4", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Copyright Canton Museum of Art; research cache, no image republication", "locator": "p. 17 (PDF 17), object caption and biography" }, "artist-about": { "title": "Rotraud Sackerlotzky, Ohio Landscapes, excerpt on the artist website", "url": "https://www.augustbiehle.org/about", "sha256": "3138fd3c2cfe268ca781c8191b2748f434226cd582371b3c8900be0dbd1a9f38", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Copyright text; brief quotation and research cache", "locator": "Zoar section; applies to the group of works" }, "artist-exhibitions": { "title": "August Biehle website, exhibition chronology", "url": "https://www.augustbiehle.org/exhibitions", "sha256": "81915217afec55e025d970d471d2ff559470ecff5f8db12288f42db3fe2a0489", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Copyright text; research cache", "locator": "1920 Zoar exhibition; no checklist identifying accession 86.18" }, "ohio": { "title": "U.S. Weather Bureau, Climatological Data, Ohio, July 1920", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/nerms/api/document/4C966B45F81A4A8B9F5A61C4B9DBEBFD/download", "sha256": "0e466033a05b491caf9d20cdaeba1c2087f2b47cb5efd2feb0ef39780fa751c3", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Public domain: U.S. government publication", "locator": "pp. 52, 53, 56; PDF pp. 2, 3, 5" }, "crop": { "title": "Commercial and Financial Chronicle, 17 July 1920, reprinting the USDA weather bulletin", "url": "https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/cfc/cfc_19200717.pdf#page=89", "sha256": "d4e8517af989320756b00b582fd982d980f512c31700188f3021a731ac3e3fc5", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Public domain: published in the United States in 1920; FRASER scan", "locator": "p. 309 (PDF 89); week ending 13 July" }, "crop-text": { "title": "Text extraction of the Chronicle crop report", "url": "https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/cfc/cfc_19200717.pdf#page=89", "sha256": "ae8bd863fe64dbac84311e7bda8e1355275cdc8ae3229f8f574aff415ca5b7e1", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Public domain; extracted locally with PyMuPDF", "locator": "Same scanned source, not independent corroboration" }, "dover": { "title": "NOAA GHCN-Daily, Dover USC00332270", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/daily/all/USC00332270.dly", "sha256": "635c866b190075a26f48fc2b61f7cec072b9e61609bc65a42055df3d4b52bea4", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Public domain: NOAA U.S. station data", "locator": "Daily values and original measurement, quality and source flags" }, "dennison": { "title": "NOAA GHCN-Daily, Dennison Water Works USC00332156", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/daily/all/USC00332156.dly", "sha256": "54d45c9ff7afaac3899485a5cb8f6717384a1f7ba0c1f8dfcf7798201eef1252", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Public domain: NOAA U.S. station data", "locator": "Candidate retained separately, not averaged with Dover" }, "stations": { "title": "NOAA GHCN-Daily station metadata", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/daily/ghcnd-stations.txt", "sha256": "14c6467fcce6cce8dc0786eba8bbceed51a2f1c1056b0e221b573157559fc824", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Public domain: NOAA", "locator": "Reused T79 sharp cache; catalogue coordinates, not verified 1920 gauge positions", "note": "Copied from the inherited T79 cache on 7 October 2026; original download time not independently recovered." }, "inventory": { "title": "NOAA GHCN-Daily inventory", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/daily/ghcnd-inventory.txt", "sha256": "fb8a5b7b5bd25b6828fc822e4a4bc2a036053ac5af30697b4df1386a21cb0e59", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Public domain: NOAA", "locator": "Reused T79 sharp cache; coverage spans do not prove daily completeness", "note": "Copied from the inherited T79 cache on 7 October 2026; original download time not independently recovered." }, "format": { "title": "NOAA GHCN-Daily file format and flag definitions", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/daily/readme.txt", "sha256": "0e4e6f0e6947cf1add884c328a01760f31c56ef5fb86b85ed57dd5dc4c4aeaa6", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "Public domain: NOAA", "locator": "Missing -9999, QFLAG, trace and presumed-zero flags" }, "zoar": { "title": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim, Zoar village", "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Zoar%2C+Ohio&format=json&limit=1", "sha256": "e1314ed3e8e201fc056f47c0718cb028d8520e9e5779426b58767dbcf9b99fe0", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "ODbL 1.0; © OpenStreetMap contributors", "locator": "Relation 182802; village reference point, not a located painting site" }, "transcription": { "title": "Nephos transcription of Dover rain, sky-day counts and source conventions", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/nerms/api/document/4C966B45F81A4A8B9F5A61C4B9DBEBFD/download", "sha256": "747ebf862b114478744831b965c01172c42bf3797e29e46f208c8d9216996b97", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-07", "license": "CC BY 4.0 transcription of public-domain sources", "locator": "Repository copy in window-engine/evidence/biehle-wheatfield-zoar-1920/transcription.json; solo visual check" }, "crop-6": { "title": "USDA weather bulletin, week ending 6 July 1920, reprinted in the Commercial and Financial Chronicle", "url": "https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/cfc/cfc_19200710.pdf#page=92", "sha256": "95f2b099bd88b0aac7bff99f6ea956a361910a719501051279ea9d206f7142a1", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Public domain: US publication in 1920", "locator": "p. 206 (PDF 92), winter-wheat paragraph" }, "crop-6-text": { "title": "USDA weather bulletin, week ending 6 July 1920, reprinted in the Commercial and Financial Chronicle — extracted text", "url": "https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/cfc/cfc_19200710.pdf#page=92", "sha256": "aa28d17597c1318d4e501458edcd50540c7696157a5594a02b2c24ef7b40d00b", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Public domain; local PyMuPDF extraction", "locator": "p. 206 (PDF 92)", "note": "Derivative, not independent corroboration; quotation rechecked against the scan." }, "crop-20": { "title": "USDA weather bulletin, week ending 20 July 1920, reprinted in the Commercial and Financial Chronicle", "url": "https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/cfc/cfc_19200724.pdf#page=89", "sha256": "aae4352bc76353a04d8b13bfd63d93c1232682b2a37e2f748c63a59b70f9f7ec", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Public domain: US publication in 1920", "locator": "p. 407 (PDF 89), winter-wheat paragraph" }, "crop-20-text": { "title": "USDA weather bulletin, week ending 20 July 1920, reprinted in the Commercial and Financial Chronicle — extracted text", "url": "https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/cfc/cfc_19200724.pdf#page=89", "sha256": "48366a7db93554d17a06386a69feda14c98da336ba1814dcafee5bc29a9584fa", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Public domain; local PyMuPDF extraction", "locator": "p. 407 (PDF 89)", "note": "Derivative, not independent corroboration; quotation rechecked against the scan." }, "crop-27": { "title": "USDA weather bulletin, week ending 27 July 1920, reprinted in the Commercial and Financial Chronicle", "url": "https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/cfc/cfc_19200731.pdf#page=96", "sha256": "25a5f1a2bf2bd89474464256ba3cb41d63de92436165c5ec97fdfcff70d25fc6", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Public domain: US publication in 1920", "locator": "p. 512 (PDF 96), winter-wheat paragraph" }, "crop-27-text": { "title": "USDA weather bulletin, week ending 27 July 1920, reprinted in the Commercial and Financial Chronicle — extracted text", "url": "https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/cfc/cfc_19200731.pdf#page=96", "sha256": "4bf837528e94509b18467ebe730bb842a8eab063f918af9171516d15a2f64416", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Public domain; local PyMuPDF extraction", "locator": "p. 512 (PDF 96)", "note": "Derivative, not independent corroboration; quotation rechecked against the scan." }, "museum-image": { "title": "Canton Museum of Art, Wheatfield in Zoar — museum image", "url": "https://www.cantonartcollection.com/gallery_hr/Biehle_86.18.jpg", "sha256": "9b488f3010c6f0868137401014db3cdece0fb0001acafa7416e14fa58b1b3fa7", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Research inspection only under museum policy; no open image licence established", "locator": "Whole composition; inspected for Nephos’s visual reading, not displayed on this site" }, "normals": { "title": "NOAA 1991–2020 monthly normals, New Philadelphia USC00335894", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/access/USC00335894.csv", "sha256": "8a289ef58a6fab66dc81fbab0e375593e1610f62213828a4bcf6e30e90bc69c0", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Public domain: NOAA", "locator": "July row, MLY-PRCP-NORMAL and its years/completeness fields", "note": "Representative normal (R); 13 years meet data availability requirements; NOAA fills missing months using surrounding stations." }, "normals-format": { "title": "NOAA normals CSV layout and completeness flags", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/doc/Readme_By-Variable_By-Station_Normals_Files.txt", "sha256": "feb4e1dd5914c8d35eccd017e114c6e5d352b1e217602cb622a67ad6670c3c21", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Public domain: NOAA", "locator": "Completeness Flags: R = Representative; years field" }, "modern-crop": { "title": "USDA NASS, Ohio Crop Weather, 6 July 2020", "url": "https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Ohio/Publications/Crop_Progress_&_Condition/2020/cw2720oh.pdf", "sha256": "f47b77524ef00eca50cbc5825a105da61f10252fe58c1e6ccced8ae47d70e94e", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Public domain: USDA", "locator": "p. 1; week ending 5 July; Winter Wheat Harvested row" }, "modern-crop-text": { "title": "Text extraction of Ohio Crop Weather, 6 July 2020", "url": "https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Ohio/Publications/Crop_Progress_&_Condition/2020/cw2720oh.pdf", "sha256": "ec55384ec2f92695dfceead6b55980acb45f9fe149e34cf8b71830ecebf925c2", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "Public domain; local PyMuPDF extraction", "locator": "p. 1, second paragraph and crop-progress table", "note": "Derivative checked against the original scan." }, "harvest-evidence": { "title": "Nephos harvest evidence: report dates, scan-checked excerpts and visual interpretation", "url": "https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/cfc/cfc_19200710.pdf#page=92", "sha256": "d8cf9894f05a2afae7c748535f771096210b625e90be3b8010e59e6a6a37bcd2", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "license": "CC BY 4.0 transcription; quoted reports are public domain", "locator": "Repository: window-engine/evidence/biehle-wheatfield-zoar-1920/harvest-evidence.json", "note": "This is Nephos’s source-linked transcription and interpretation, not an additional historical witness." } } }