{
 "schema": "nephos.method.v1",
 "slug": "pissarro-boulevard-des-italiens-1897",
 "title": "Camille Pissarro, Boulevard des Italiens, Morning, Sunlight (1897), NGA 1963.10.198",
 "urls": [
  "/studies/pissarro-boulevard-des-italiens-1897"
 ],
 "written": {
  "summary": "Signed 1897, painted from the Grand Hôtel de Russie. The study uses 10 February–25 April as a campaign envelope and also calculates NGV’s shorter 10 February–17 April window. Neither dates this canvas’s sessions.",
  "items": [
   {
    "quote": "Grand Hôtel de Russie, 1 rue Drouot",
    "source": "Pissarro to Lucien, 8 February 1897; quoted in the 2005 catalogue, p. 728, citing Bailly-Herzberg IV, no. 1367.",
    "url": "https://view.publitas.com/wildenstein-plattner-institute-ol46yv9z6qv6/c-r_camille_pissarro_volume_iii_wildenstein_institute/page/240"
   },
   {
    "quote": "Between 10 February and 17 April 1897",
    "source": "Sonia Dean, NGV collection account (2003), p. 132; includes both Italiens pictures.",
    "url": "https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/jwHoFppF8m-dYQ?hl=en-gb"
   }
  ]
 },
 "records": [
  {
   "name": "Paris-Montsouris daily precipitation",
   "detail": "5.6 km from the present-day hotel address. Complete observations across both windows; the wider window contains 75 days.",
   "url": "https://meteofrance.s3.sbg.io.cloud.ovh.net/data/synchro_ftp/BASE/QUOT/Q_75_avant-1949_RR-T-Vent.csv.gz"
  },
  {
   "name": "A separate witness to sunlight",
   "detail": "Pissarro reported sunlight on the Mardi Gras streamers and trees. Reff quotes this about the procession of 2 March, not about the NGA canvas.",
   "url": "https://www.nga.gov/sites/default/files/migrate_images/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/manet-and-modern-paris-one-hundred-paintings.pdf#page=259"
  }
 ],
 "gaps": [
  "No document inspected here dates a session on this canvas.",
  "The checked sunshine-duration column is blank for the campaign; hourly boulevard light remains unknown.",
  "NGA curatorial files, original letters and a technical examination of this canvas were not inspected."
 ],
 "tests": [
  {
   "claim": "How wet was the campaign at the station?",
   "result": "130.3 mm and 27 days with at least 1 mm in 75 days. Rainfall ranks 37 of 152, wettest first, against the same calendar window in 1873–2024."
  },
  {
   "claim": "Does the shorter catalogue window change the conclusion?",
   "result": "Through 17 April: 121.9 mm, 25 wet days in 67. Both windows exceed their 1991–2020 same-window mean; neither measures sunlight."
  },
  {
   "claim": "Does rain rule out the artist’s reported sunlight?",
   "result": "No. Montsouris records 7.3 mm for 2 March, while Pissarro reported sunlight on the procession. A daily total at another location cannot settle the light at one hour."
  }
 ],
 "finding": "A sunlit effect belongs to a campaign with repeated rain. The gauge measures the campaign’s rainfall, while the artist’s report shows why a rainy date need not exclude a sunlit interval. The NGA picture’s light and date remain unverified.",
 "verdicts": [
  {
   "claim": "Morning sunlight in this canvas",
   "verdict": "Unknown",
   "reason": "Rain totals are not light measurements; no session date is documented."
  },
  {
   "claim": "A painted day",
   "verdict": "Unknown",
   "reason": "Series dates and the sale establish context, not an individual sitting."
  }
 ],
 "limits": [
  "Montsouris is a park station south of the boulevard. Rain there is not an observation at the hotel.",
  "RR is assigned to the day beginning at 06:00 UTC. It cannot locate rain within the day.",
  "The modern mean and historical rank are descriptive comparisons across an unhomogenized station record.",
  "The Mardi Gras testimony concerns another motif in the series. It does not identify the NGA picture as a carnival scene or date it to 2 March.",
  "The NGA account emphasizes morning light and compositional cropping. No evidence inspected here establishes that Pissarro invented the light."
 ]
}