{
 "schema": "nephos.method.v1",
 "slug": "lane-golden-state-1854",
 "title": "Fitz Henry Lane, The Golden State Entering New York Harbor (1854), Met 1974.33",
 "urls": [
  "/studies/lane-golden-state-1854"
 ],
 "written": {
  "summary": "The inscription places the painting in Gloucester in 1854. The newspapers document a return to New York on 7 April 1854; they do not date the painted scene.",
  "items": [
   {
    "quote": "Painted by Fitz Henry Lane. / Gloucester. / Mass. / A.D. 1854",
    "source": "Verso inscription before relining, transcribed by Fitz Henry Lane Online, inv. 238.",
    "url": "https://www.fitzhenrylaneonline.org/catalogue/entry.php?id=238"
   },
   {
    "quote": "Port of New York, April 7, 1854.",
    "source": "New York Herald, 8 April 1854, p. 8, heading above Arrived.",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83030313/1854-04-08/ed-1/?sp=8"
   }
  ]
 },
 "records": [
  {
   "name": "New York shipping news",
   "detail": "Herald and Tribune arrival lists and daytime wind reports, checked against page scans.",
   "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83030213/1854-04-08/ed-1/?sp=7"
  },
  {
   "name": "Fort Columbus, Governors Island",
   "detail": "NOAA/CDMP and MRCC digitized precipitation and sunrise / fixed-hour temperatures. Exact exposure and precipitation observing hour are unresolved.",
   "url": "https://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/FORTS/Data/DAILYBYSTATE/NY_Fort_Columbus.data.csv"
  }
 ],
 "gaps": [
  "No document links the painted sky to the arrival day, and no arrival hour is reported.",
  "The consulted records supply no wind speed, cloud state or wave height for the ship’s entry."
 ],
 "tests": [
  {
   "claim": "When did this documented return occur?",
   "result": "7 April 1854, from London in ballast, after a reported 29-day passage."
  },
  {
   "claim": "What weather can be recovered for that day?",
   "result": "The port reports give north-northwest wind; Fort Columbus’s digitized precipitation entry is 0 inches. Neither describes the painted clouds or waves."
  },
  {
   "claim": "Does the scene establish Lane’s weather fidelity?",
   "result": "No. The catalogue connects its waves and cloud arrangement to pictorial models; the records cannot establish which arrival, if any, it depicts."
  }
 ],
 "finding": "The ship’s return and the reported wind can be dated. The canvas’s weather cannot be tied to them.",
 "verdicts": [
  {
   "claim": "A painting of the documented arrival day",
   "verdict": "Unknown",
   "reason": "The title and inscribed year do not connect the scene to this particular return."
  },
  {
   "claim": "Accuracy of the painted sky and sea state",
   "verdict": "Unknown",
   "reason": "A wind direction and station precipitation cannot verify cloud arrangement, wind force, sail trim or waves."
  }
 ],
 "limits": [
  "Zero precipitation in the digitized file does not establish a clear sky; MRCC could fill unreported days with zeros after reconciling monthly totals. Original forms were not inspected.",
  "Earlier sketches, a secondary ship image and an owners’ commission remain qualified scholarly proposals, not inspected making documents.",
  "This single picture cannot confirm or refute a general claim about Lane and his mariner patrons."
 ]
}