{
 "schema": "nephos.method.v1",
 "slug": "kensett-beach-at-beverly",
 "title": "Kensett, Beach at Beverly, c. 1869/1872; NGA 1978.6.5",
 "urls": [
  "/studies/kensett-beach-at-beverly"
 ],
 "written": {
  "summary": "NGA dates this unsigned, undated canvas by style. The shore identification is documented; the depicted season, painting session and making sequence are not. Four June–August windows provide context only.",
  "items": [
   {
    "quote": "neither signed nor dated",
    "source": "Franklin Kelly, NGA catalogue (1996), p. 394 / PDF p. 410",
    "url": "https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/american-paintings-19th-century-part-1.pdf"
   },
   {
    "quote": "on stylistic grounds",
    "source": "Franklin Kelly, NGA catalogue (1996), p. 394 / PDF p. 410",
    "url": "https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/american-paintings-19th-century-part-1.pdf"
   },
   {
    "quote": "Lacking documentary evidence",
    "source": "Franklin Kelly, NGA catalogue (1996), p. 397, note 12 / PDF p. 413",
    "url": "https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/research/publications/pdfs/american-paintings-19th-century-part-1.pdf"
   }
  ]
 },
 "records": [
  {
   "name": "Fort Independence daily rainfall, NOAA/CDMP and MRCC",
   "detail": "All four summer windows contain 92 accepted reporting dates. The station is approximately 27.7 km from the modern Mingo beach reference point. It is regional evidence.",
   "url": "https://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/FORTS/Data/DAILYBYSTATE/MA_Fort_Independence.data.csv"
  },
  {
   "name": "Original Army forms: June 1869 and August 1872",
   "detail": "Opened for spot checks; these are the source of the digital archive, not independent witnesses.",
   "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/nerms/api/document/967C212FF90D49A593AD4CBBE8C4CE92/download"
  }
 ],
 "gaps": [
  "No inspected letter, sketch annotation or contemporary record establishes a Beverly session or depicted summer.",
  "No verified Beverly weather narrative, local cloud series, wind, tide or wave measurements are matched to the canvas."
 ],
 "tests": [
  {
   "claim": "Does about 1870 identify one summer?",
   "result": "No. The catalogue assigns an approximate stylistic range; summer itself is a comparison convention."
  },
  {
   "claim": "What survives of regional summer rainfall?",
   "result": "June–August totals at Fort Independence: 1869: 7.90 inches; 1870: 9.97 inches; 1871: 10.69 inches; 1872: 16.84 inches. None is selected as the depicted summer."
  },
  {
   "claim": "Did Kensett make the weather calmer?",
   "result": "Unknown. The catalogue compares deliberate compositional changes between related paintings. Rainfall cannot measure sea state or supply the unrecorded observed sky."
  }
 ],
 "finding": "The same regional gauge records different rainfall totals across the four comparison summers. The canvas’s calm remains a pictorial fact, not a reconstruction of a Beverly day.",
 "verdicts": [
  {
   "claim": "A particular painted summer",
   "verdict": "Unknown",
   "reason": "The daily record supports contextual rainfall sums; no particular summer is assigned to the picture."
  },
  {
   "claim": "The painted weather or an alteration by Kensett",
   "verdict": "Unknown",
   "reason": "No dated session and no matched local sky or sea record."
  }
 ],
 "limits": [
  "The catalogue’s circa range is not a strict bound on the scene. Earlier visits or sketches remain possible.",
  "Archive zeros are retained. MRCC may have completed blanks with zeros after comparison with monthly totals; zeros are not all independently written no-rain observations.",
  "Rain totals do not measure sunshine, haze, wind, tides or waves. No climate rank, modern normal or four-year average is published."
 ]
}