{
 "schema": "nephos.method.v1",
 "slug": "caillebotte-paris-1877",
 "title": "Gustave Caillebotte, Paris Street; Rainy Day",
 "urls": [
  "/studies/caillebotte-paris-1877"
 ],
 "written": {
  "summary": "The rue de Turin at the rue de Moscou, Paris, 1877, finished before the exhibition opened on 4 April.",
  "items": [
   {
    "quote": "Rue de Paris; temps de pluie",
    "source": "The painting’s title in the 1877 exhibition catalogue, as the Art Institute of Chicago records it",
    "url": "https://publications.artic.edu/caillebotte/reader/paintingsanddrawings/section/135470"
   },
   {
    "quote": "the intersection made by the rue de Turin and the rue de Moscou.",
    "source": "Critics in 1877, quoted by the Art Institute of Chicago",
    "url": "https://publications.artic.edu/caillebotte/reader/paintingsanddrawings/section/135470"
   },
   {
    "quote": "As the work is dated 1877 and was first exhibited in April of that year in the third Impressionist exhibition",
    "source": "Art Institute of Chicago scholarly catalogue",
    "url": "https://publications.artic.edu/caillebotte/reader/paintingsanddrawings/section/135470"
   }
  ]
 },
 "records": [
  {
   "name": "Paris-Montsouris rain gauge and thermometer",
   "detail": "Météo-France daily rain, lowest and highest temperature. 6.6 km from the crossing, now the place de Dublin.",
   "url": "https://meteofrance.s3.sbg.io.cloud.ovh.net/data/synchro_ftp/BASE/QUOT/Q_75_avant-1949_RR-T-Vent.csv.gz"
  }
 ],
 "gaps": [
  "Paris newspapers for early 1877 have not yet been searched: the Gallica archive blocked an automated search on 23 September 2026.",
  "No dated letter from Caillebotte about the weather has been located."
 ],
 "tests": [
  {
   "claim": "“temps de pluie”, rainy weather in a Paris street.",
   "result": "Between 1 January and 4 April 1877 rain fell at Montsouris on 65 of 94 days, 40 of them with at least 1 mm: 164.7 mm in all. The wettest day was 20 March, with 19.5 mm. The 1991–2020 average is 29.7 such days and 140.8 mm."
  },
  {
   "claim": "“the hint of sun after the rain”, the museum catalogue’s reading of the light once the painting was cleaned.",
   "result": "The station kept no sunshine record, and rain fell on so many days that no single one stands out. Kirk Varnedoe, quoted in the same catalogue, saw “almost shadowless grey light”."
  },
  {
   "claim": "The day painted.",
   "result": "The catalogue describes an on-site sketch and a canvas probably worked on the studio wall; no session is dated."
  }
 ],
 "verdicts": [
  {
   "claim": "“temps de pluie”",
   "verdict": "Partially agrees",
   "reason": "Rain fell on most days the painting could have been made, 6.6 km away; no record ties the painted rain to a day."
  },
  {
   "claim": "“the hint of sun after the rain”",
   "verdict": "Unknown",
   "reason": "No sunshine or cloud was recorded, so the light cannot be tested."
  },
  {
   "claim": "The day painted.",
   "verdict": "Unknown",
   "reason": "The painting was composed from a sketch; no day can be picked."
  }
 ],
 "limits": [
  "The Montsouris gauge stands on the southern edge of Paris, not at the street corner.",
  "A count of wet days describes a season; it cannot date a scene.",
  "The painting was composed in stages, so its weather may combine more than one day."
 ]
}